Studied by 1 personAchievement Motivation
Motivated by mastery and will continue to achieve more accomplishments
Self-efficacy
Individual’s belief in ability to perform a task
Self-Esteem
How person perceives themselves
Instinct Theory
Motivation is something you are born with and not external items
Drive Reduction Theory
Individuals are trying to keep their body in homeostasis, if taken out person becomes motivated to fix it
Arousal Theory
Based on Yerkes-Dodson, performance increases increases with arousal but too much can lead to be bad performance or too little
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Cognitive systems need to stay consistent, when something does not align with person’s mind, person is motivated to fix
William James
Proposed instinct theory, motivation is something you are born with, connected to genetics
Alfred Kinsey
Sexual behavior and motivation
Abraham Maslow
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs to explain motivations
Stanley Schachter
Two Factor theory which emotions occur from both physical and cognitive labeling
Hans Selye
How individuals react to stress and how they manage stress, General Adaptation Syndrome
Affiliation Motivation
Drive to want to belong with others, motivation pushes people to want to form relationships
James-Lange Theory
Physiological response to a stimulus later causes boy to be alerted which creates person to experience different emotions
Cannon-Bard Theory
Person’s physiological response and emotional response happen at same time, the occur together
Schacter Two Factor Theory
Physiological response and cognitive stimulus labeling lead to emotional experience
Joseph LeDoux’s Theory
Emotions take path to amygdala and skip cortex, person has immediate emotional response without being aware
Appraisal Theory
Encounters a stimuli, experience, or event where they assess the situation and come to a conclusion, happens without person being aware
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Make certain facial expression and can shift a person’s mood
Paul Ekman
Believed some emotions are innate and understood by different cultures such as happiness, fear, sadness, surprise, and anger can be identified by others
Eustress
Stress that is beneficial
Distress
Stress that is detrimental
Alarm Reaction
Individual encounters stressor that upsets homeostasis, person’s ‘fight or flight’ response will activate
Resistance
Body will try to stabilize but may stay at high level of tension
Exhaustion
Starts to get tired from fighting back and resisting stressor
Approach-Approach Conflict
Choose between two positive outcomes
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
Choose between two negative outcomes
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
One goal that has both positive and negative impacts to it
Alfred Adler
Belief that individuals strive to conquer inferiority complex, person wants to feel sense of belonging and feel significant
Albert Bandura
Individual’s environment, behavior, and feelings influence and impact personality
Costa and McCrae
Big Five Trait theory focusing on personality factors (OCEAN)
Abraham Maslow
Seek to satisfy physiological safety before reaching self actualization based on hierarchy of needs
Carl Rogers
Could not reach self-actualization if their environment hinders them
Free Association
Individual is told or shown a image, person says first thing that comes to mind
Ego
Overseer of superego and id
Superego
Person’s morality, ideals, and judgments, in preconscious
Id
Unconscious mind, satisfy person’s most basic drivers, on pleasure and hunger and etc.
Libido
Psychic energy that is sexual and aggressive impulses that individual must learn to control
Rotter’s Expectancy Theory
Behavior determined based on expectations and investment in outcome of an action
Reciprocal Determinism
Personality/behavior influenced by person’s environment and individual behavior
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Observational Learning, Self-Efficacy, and Reciprocal Determinism
Self-concept
Thoughts, feelings, questions about who they are
Positive Regard
Seek social approval from others, affection, and respect from others
Self-Actualization
Individual is motivated to strive for full potential
Self-Transcendence
Individual is motivated to strive for full potential
Physiological Needs
Basic needs satisfied first
Safety Needs
Seek for personal, job, financial, and general life stability
Love and Belonging
Seek friendships, intimacy, and sense of belonging
Esteem
Develop self-esteem and respect for others and independence
Self-Actualization
Individuals seek answers to large life questions, motivated to understand own identity and world around them
Cardinal Traits
Strong dominant traits as main identifying factor
Central Traits
Strong traits but not only defining trait
Secondary Traits
Less influential, situation specific characteristics
Traits
Individual characteristics, behaviors, and conscious motives of an individual that remain stable over time
Factor Analysis
Isolating different variables in person’s personality
Eysenck Personality Theory
Extraversion vs. Introversion, Emotional Stability vs. Instability
Conscientiousness
Individuals are more organized and careful, if lacking more impulsive and disorganized
Agreeableness
Individuals are more agreeable and trusting of others, lacking are more suspicious of others
Neuroticism
More insecure and anxious, lacking are more calm and secure
Openness
More imaginative and creative, lacking are more practical and prefer routines
Extraversion
More affectionate and sociable, lacking are more reserved
Projective Personality Test
Open responses and does not limit taker, TAT and Roscharch
Note
Flashcard