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Symbols of privilege and wealth

Long time ago, zoos were reserved exclusively for monarchs and aristocrats, showcasing a grand collection of rare and exotic animals as symbols of their richness and social status.

Opening the doors for everyone

 King John, a progressive ruler, opened the royal animal exhibit at the Tower of London to the public.

 Away from amusement towards instruction

 The purpose of zoos extended beyond entertainment to provide valuable learning experiences.

Away from enclosure towards greater freedom

 Instead of confining animals in small cages and enclosures, he introduced the concept of open enclosures.

A different set of values

As culture and ethics evolve, zoos are reevaluating their beliefs. Instead of solely showcasing rare and exotic animals, modern zoos are now stressing the significance of protecting biodiversity and the environment.

 A new mission of conservation

As climate change and habitat destruction pose significant threats to wildlife, zoos have embraced a new mission – protecting animals on the brink of extinction.

A modern day alternative

 To achieve this, some zoos are exploring innovative approaches, such as virtual reality experiences and augmented reality exhibits, to offer visitors an immersive and educational experience without physical enclosures.

 Sở thú (zoo)

Symbol – Opening – amusement – freedom – different – new – modern.

Music

Activity – memory – opportunity – learn – emotions – other – well-being.

 A physically demanding activity

 Learning to play music also enhances their fine and gross motor skills and coordination. It can positively impact mental health and well-being and help with memory and social interactions.

A good way to boost memory

Learning and playing music has been linked to enhanced memory function. Memorizing sheet music, chords, and melodies exercises the brain, improving mory and cognitive abilities.

 A great opportunity to broaden your social circle

Playing an instrument isn’t only good for your brain, it’s also a fantastic opportunity to connect with other like-minded individuals. Joining a band, orchestra, or music group allows musicians to collaborate, share experiences, and develop friendships.

A way to learn discipline and importance of routine

 Learning music takes time and effort, and helps children understand that if they want to be good at something, they’ll need to put in the hours and organize their time effectively. This disciplined approach fosters a strong work ethic, patience, and perseverance that can be applied to other areas of life.

 A creative outlet for expressing emotions

Music serves as a channel for individuals to express themselves and communicate in special ways. When kids learn to play an instrument, they can explore their inner world and share thoughts uniquely, even when the struggle to do so verbally.

Enhance sensitivity to others’ feeling

 Research shows that music education improves emotional intelligence, understanding our emotions and others'.

 Develop a greater sense of well-being

Playing a musical instrument has been shown to help mental health by reducing stress, anxiety, and depression.

Nam cực (antarctica-frozenland)

(Chịu trách nhiệm – đầu tiên – trái đất – địa lý – cực – ít – lạnh).

Who is in charge?

This continent is governed by an international agreement known as the Antarctic Treaty System, established in 1961

First step on the ice

 Once they arrive, the first step on the ice is both exhilarating and daunting. Visitors are immediately struck by the vast expanse of white, the crisp, cold air, and the breathtaking scenery. The sound of crunching ice underfoot serves as a reminder of the remote and untouched nature of this continent, a place where human footprin

3. Where is the end of the earth?

Positioned around the South Pole, Antarctica represents the southernmost point on the planet…. it feels like the last frontier on Earth, where the landscape remains largely unspoiled and the natural world thrives in its purest form. 

Hidden geography

Beneath the massive ice sheets lies a concealed landscape that reveals much about the planet’s geological history.

Race to the pole

Adventurers such as Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen undertook perilous journeys to achieve this milestone. Amundsen's successful expedition in 1911 marked a significant achievement in exploration, while Scott's tragic story underscored the risks associated with such endeavors.

Less effort needed

Recent advancements in technology have made reaching this icy expanse easier than in the past. Modern icebreakers and advanced aircraft enable safer and more efficient travel. T

Why is it so cold?

The extreme low temperatures in this region result mainly from its high elevation and geographic positioning.

Eating in China

Chinese food – influence – regional – methods – style – in – effects.

 The origins of Chinese food

The story of this cuisine stretches back thousands of years, shaped by local farming and customs. Early diets were simple, relying on grains and ingredients from nearby sources.

 The influence of philosophy

Ancient ideas play a significant role in shaping attitudes toward food and meals. Concepts like balance and harmony are often reflected in how dishes are prepared and enjoyed, guiding choices in cooking

Regional variations

The diverse geography of the country results in a wide range of culinary styles. Each area showcases distinct flavors based on local ingredients and traditions.

Cooking methods

A variety of cooking techniques are used that enhance the flavors of the ingredients. Quick methods, like stir-frying, keep vegetables cris and fresh, while steaming helps maintain the natural taste and nutrients of food

The style of eating

Dining is often approached as a communal experience, emphasizing sharing and togetherness. Meals are usually served in a way that allows everyone to sample different dishes, fostering conversation and connection among diners.

Changes in the Chinese diets

Recent years have seen shifts in eating habits, influenced by modern lifestyles and global trends.

Effects of a changing diet

The shift in dietary habits carries various implications for health and cultural practices. Increased consumption of processed foods and sugary drinks has raised concerns, challenging long-held eating traditions.

 Dogget

easiest way – escape – winner – need – earning – champions – money.

The easiest way to travel

With poor roads and crowded city streets, the Thames served as the primary highway. 

 Result of a lucky escape

To show his gratitude, he organized a race for six young watermen, offering a prize for the fastest rower on a 7.4-km course between two pubs named “The Swan” in London Bridge and Chelsea. 

 Origins of what the winner receives

Unlike typical prizes, Doggett awarded a traditional red waterman’s coat with a silver badge inscribed with “Liberty.” This badge commemorated the coronation of George I of the House of Hanover on August 1, 1714. Doggett chose August 1 for the annual race to honor this event.

A need for change

However, the event now runs with the incoming tide, and competitors use racing boats instead of commercial vessels.

Earning a reputation

Historically, winning the Doggett’s Coat and Badge in the 18th and 19th centuries helped bring in more business for the successful waterman. Although this practical advantage is now somewhat outdated, achieving the Doggett’s Coat and Badge remains a highly respected honor.

Generations of champions

In 2012, six rowers competed, and the race was won by 23-year-old waterman Merlin Dwan. Dwan comes from a family of watermen; his father won the Doggett’s Coat and Badge in 1977, and his uncle and two cousins have also won the race.

 Not in it for the money

 Nowadays, being a waterman is likely viewed less as a career and more as a means of preserving a centuries-old family tradition.

Consumer age

Longer – temporary – secrecy – relevant – difficulty – reaching – all of us.

Making things last longer

 Emphasizing durability and quality over quantity, this shift encourages sustainable practices that reduce waste. … long-lasting products

 A temporary experiment

The "consume age" reflects a temporary societal experiment characterized by fast fashion and instant gratification, often prioritizing immediate satisfaction over long-term value.

A reason of secrecy

Secrecy in the consume age often masks the true costs of production, including environmental harm and labor exploitation, leading to consumer ignorance.

Still relevant to our times

remain highly relevant today, particularly in light of ongoing climate challenges. Movements advocating for minimalism, recycling, and upcycling are gaining traction, promoting experiences over material goods.

The difficulty of being generous

Generosity can be difficult in a consumer-driven society where individual gain often overshadows collective well-being.

A reason for reaching a compromise

Compromise is essential in the consume age, allowing individuals to balance personal desires with collective responsibilities.

Important lessons for all of us

The consume age imparts vital lessons about consumption, emphasizing that true value lies in quality and impact rather than quantity. By embracing sustainability, individuals can take responsibility for their choices and contribute to their communities. Lessons learned highlight the importance of transparency,

Coffee

Begins – coversation – habit – problems – distribution – health – origin. 

The custom of coffee drinking began to spread

The custom of drinking coffee started in the 1500s. Around that time, cafés began to open in places like Egypt and Ethiopia, though coffee was banned before that. Later, coffee made its way to Italy and spread throughout Europe.

Coffee encourages the art of conversation

as a way to stay alert during intense discussions or meetings. Coffeehouses became popular meeting spots where people shared ideas and debated important topics. These places helped encourage the exchange of intellectual thoughts and played a key role in business and social life at the time. 

 A habit that has become a big business/economy 

Today, many people drink coffee in the morning to wake up, or in the evening to socialize after work. Coffeehouses are everywhere, offering places to chat and relax. Coffee has grown into a global business, with coffee machines even sold for private homes.

he problems of coffee economy

there is an issue of inequality: workers in coffee-producing countries often face poor working and living conditions. While coffee brings in money for these nations, the people producing it don’t always receive fair pay for their hard work. 

A remedy of unjust revenue distribution

To address these inequalities, certification programs for agricultural products were introduced. If coffee meets certain certification standards,it can be sold at a fair price, preventing it from being sold too cheaply

The health risks versus health benefits debate

Coffee has several benefits. It contains antioxidants, which can help prevent diseases. However, there are also some risks.

The ancient origin of coffee

where he saw a bird eating coffee beans.

Children and exercise

Factors – potential – idea – regular – ways – exercise – right balace.

Factors Contributing to Inactivity

In recent years, children have become increasingly inactive. While technology often receives blame for this trend, it is not the only factor at play. Urbanization has led to a lack of safe play spaces for kids. Many neighborhoods no longer have parks or playgrounds, forcing children to stay indoors.

The Situation Have the Potential to Become Worse

Currently, the issue of children not getting enough exercise is worsening, largely due to the time they spend staring at screens.

The Success of Simple Idea

Each day, students are encouraged to run at least one mile, and this simple idea quickly gained popularity. It has won awards for its effectiveness and has spread to over 3,500 schools in more than 30 countries, thanks to media coverage and positive testimonials.

The Wider Effects of Regular Exercise

The Daily Mile program not only enhances fitness levels among students but also has surprising benefits for their academic performance.

 Ways in Which Environment Can Influence Behaviour

 The design of our environments can significantly impact how we behave.

A Design for Exercise and for Study

This creative design has proven successful and has even received awards for its impact on children’s activity levels. Such thoughtful architectural designs can inspire other schools to rethink how they create environments that promote both learning and physical activity.

Achieving the Right Balance

Local authorities must consider various factors when striving for a balance between promoting physical activity and managing budgets. By exploring both affordable and innovative solutions, communities can create environments that support children's health and well-being.

Tulips

Golden Age – fashion – object – tulip – mechanics – Europe – events.

Trade across Europe

 This prosperity was in part due to the trade connections established by the Dutch East India Company, which transported luxury and exotic goods to Europe from Asia and beyond. Among the imported items, tulip bulbs made their way to Europe and quickly captured public attention, especially after their arrival in the bustling ports of the Netherlands.

Come into fashion

In 1593, studies conducted at Dutch universities revealed that tulips could survive the cold European climate, an insight that fueled the flower’s popularity.

 An object of trade

This created a system of advance sales and pre-purchases, giving rise to a speculative market. This practice of pre-ordering tulips and trading contracts for their future delivery resembled modern-day options and futures trading in the financial markets, laying the groundwork for a complex market around these rare and exotic flowers

Different types of tulips

Tulip values varied greatly, depending on their rarity and color. Multi-colored tulips, especially those with striking patterns, commanded higher prices than solid-colored varieties.

Trade mechanics

 Between 1634 and 1637, the value of ertain tulips rose by up to sixty times their original price.

Stock market and Economics

Tulip prices reached such extreme heights that they began to be traded on exchanges and even listed on stock markets.

An unexpected turn of events

However, this bustling tulip market eventually reached its breaking point. As with many speculative bubbles, the tulip craze was unsustainable, and prices eventually began to plummet.

Hotel

Choice – price – importance – freedom – living – own space (Hoặc experence) – business.

A Financial Viable Solution

In today's world, many individuals are opting to live in hotels because it is more affordable than renting a house.

The Price of Convenience is High

Reliance on outside food options can impact health. Hotel meals often prioritize convenience over nutrition, which can lead to an unhealthy diet.

The Importance of Planning in Advance

Moving to a hotel for an extended period requires careful planning and preparation.

The Impact of Losing Freedom

Living in a hotel comes with certain rules and regulations that residents must follow.

The Benefits of Living Less

Choosing to live in a hotel instead of renting a house often means downsizing and living with fewer possessions. This can bring various benefits, such as reduced clutter, easier maintenance, and a simplified lifestyle.

The Challenges that Come with a New Perspective

 Adjusting to hotel living can be tough, but it brings fresh outlooks. Living with less in a smaller space allows residents to focus on experiences instead of stuff, leading to a simpler and more flexible lifestyle.

 Competitive Business

As the trend of living in hotels becomes increasingly popular, the hotel industry faces growing competition.

Early Australia

History – natural – technology – journey – new – knowledge – explorers.

An alternative history to the settlement

Carbon analysis of archaeological sites has provided different results, leading to alternative hypotheses about the early inhabitants of the land Down Under.

New evidence leads to speculation

The presence of multiple groups suggests a complex history of human migration and interaction.

Technology helps uncover the sea’s secrets 

 Remote sensing technology has helped researchers identify and map small islands and potential migration routes.

A journey made in stages

The migration patterns of early Australians reveal a gradual journey to the continent. Archaeological evidence points to the likelihood of different tribes arriving in Australia through a series of island-hopping journeys.

No precise figures available

Scientists can only speculate about the exact number of individuals required to undertake such a migration, which could have ranged from a small group to several thousand people.

Lacking both knowledge and skil

Some skeptics argue that ancient humans didn’t have enough the intellectual capacity, knowledge, and skills needed to undertake such journeys.

The determination of the explorer in ages

History has demonstrated the unwavering determination and resilience of human explorers in the past. From deep-sea expeditions in ancient times to modern space travel, humans have showcased their resolve to explore and conquer the unknown.

Vegetarian

Types – various – possible – farming – life – health – responsibilities.

Types of vegetarian meals

There are several types of vegetarian diets. Some people avoid all animal products, like vegans, while others, like lacto-vegetarians, eat dairy.

Various explanations

The reasons behind dietary choices can be as diverse as the individuals making them. Many people opt for a vegetarian lifestyle due to ethical concerns, environmental awareness, or health considerations. Some may be motivated by cultural traditions or personal beliefs, while others seek new culinary experiences.

 Possible global food crisis

As the global population continues to grow, concerns about food security and sustainability intensify. The increasing demand for resources puts immense pressure on agricultural systems, leading to potential shortages and rising prices. Without significant changes in our consumption patterns and food production methods, we may face a considerable crisis soon.

 Factory farming

The industrial approach to livestock production raises numerousethical and environmental questions. Large-scale operations often prioritize efficiency over animal welfare, resulting in cramped livingconditions and the overuse of antibiotics.

Our global responsibility

In an interconnected world, our food consumption choices carry significant weight. Each individual's decisions can influence broader societal impacts, affecting everything from environmental sustainability to animal welfare. Embracing a sense of stewardship encourages us to consider how our eating habits impact not just our health, but also the health of the planet.

Health benefits

Opting for a diet rich in plant-based foods offers numerous advantages for overall well-being. Research suggests that a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes can lower the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.

Respect to life

Recognizing the intrinsic value of all living beings is essential for fostering a compassionate world. This perspective encourages reflection on our interactions with nature and other creatures, promoting empathy and kindness.

 Dickens for our time: (sự nghiệp của ông ấy tốt hơn so với trước đây, câu cuối: “...sách của ông ấy không ai đọc”)

2. Difficulties for modern reader (quá dài để họ đọc “...length...” ) 

3. Keeping the readers guessing (“....ending...”) 

4. The influence of media (“he works as a report and... newspaper...”) 

5. Dicken’s early success (“success” ở câu cuối của đoạn) 

6. Try to protect his property (có chữ “success” ở câu đầu đoạn và cố gắng bảo vệ các tác phẩm của ông ấy khỏi các bản “copies”)

7. Bring the books to life (“.... his death”)

Time – difficulties – keeping – influence – success – property – life.

 Tiny house

Small – economics – advantage – too big – sharing – impact – change.

 Currency

unsatisfactory – soft currency – old currency – creation – araise – politics – international.

 Caving

Caving – growth – wide – man – what to take – safe – what to do – joy.