PRD 130: Anatomy/Nomenclature

Anterior teeth

Incisors and canines

Maxillary arch

Upper arch

Mandibular arch

lower arch

Primary dentition

During childhood (6 months to 2 years0

Primary dentition

10 maxillary and 10 mandibular

Permanent dentition

The set of 32 secondary teeth

Central incisor

I (medial)

Lateral incisor

I (distal)

Canine

C

Pm (medial)

1st premolar

Pm (distal)

2nd premolar

M (medial)

1st molar

M (second most medial)

2nd molar

M (most distal)

3rd molar

Posterior teeth

premolars and molars

Universal Numbering System (permanent)

Uses 1-32

- Starts with 1 for upper right 3rd molar going around to 16 left upper left

- Dropping down to 17 lower left third molar to 32 lower right

Universal Numbering System (primary)

Uses letters A-T

Palmer Notation System (permanent)

This numbering system assigns a number and bracket to each tooth. (Commonly used for charting in orthodontics)

Palmer Notation System (primary)

uses letters A-E

Central incisors have the Letter A

Lateral incisors have the Letter B

Canines have the Letter C

First premolars have the Letter D

Second premolars have the letter E

International Numbering System (permanent)

Uses two digits for each tooth

First digit represents arch/quadrant side

Second refers to tooth position 1-8 from midline

International Numbering System (primary)

Uses numbers 1-5 from midline

Set traits

Primary dentition Set and Permanent Dentition Set

Arch traits

differences between maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) jaw

Class traits

distinguish between the four categories of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars)

Type traits

differentiate teeth within one class (i.e. differences between central and lateral incisors, or between 1/2 premolars, or b/t 1/2/3 molars

Enamel

Outer surface of crown, hardest substance in body, white shiny surface

Ectoderm

Enamel develops from

Ameloblast cells

Enamel is a product of

Highly calcified and inorganic

Enamel is

Dentine

In the crown and root that surrounds the pulp, yellowish and not visible

Mesoderm

Dentine develops from

Odontoblast cells

Dentine is a product of

Calcified and inorganic

Dentine is

Cementum

External layer of the anatomical root, dull yellow color, hard as bone

Mesoderm

Cementum develops from

Cementoblast cells

Cementum is a product of

Calcified and inorganic

Cementum is

Pulp

Located in pulp chamber and root canal, surrounded by dentin

Not calcified and soft

Pulp is

Mesoderm

Pulp develops from

Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)

The junction line between the anatomical crown from root

Dentinoenamel Junction (DEJ)

Inner surface of enamel cap visible in cross section or badly worn teeth

Cementodentinal Junction (CDJ)

Inner surface of cementum lining the root visible in cross section or badly worn teeth

Anatomic crown

Portion of the tooth that is covered with enamel

Facial surface

Surface next to the face used in both anterior and posterior teeth

Clinical crown

Visible part of tooth

Clinical root

Not visible in mouth

Anatomic root

part of the tooth covered by cementum

Labial surface

anterior teeth, closest to the lips

Buccal surface

Posterior teeth, closest near the teeth

Lingual surface

Surface of mandibular and maxillary teeth closest to the tongue

Palatial surface

Surface of maxillary teeth nearest to the palate

Proximal surface

The surfaces next to each other when teeth are adjacent in the arch

Mesial surface

Is the surface of the tooth nearest to the midline of dental arch

Distal surface

Is the surface of the tooth farthest to the midline of dental arch

Occlusal surface

Chewing surface of posterior teeth found within cusp and marginal ridges

Cusp tip

Point, or peak on the chewing surface of premolar or molar tooth

Cusp ridges

Slopes are the inclined surfaces that form an angle at cusp tip

Incisal Ridge (or edge)

cutting surface of anterior teeth

Cingulum

Enlargement or bulge on lingual of all anterior teeth

ML cusp

Although most only have one, ____ have two triangular ridges

Labial ridge

A ridge running cervicoincisally in approximately the center of the labial surface of the canines.

Buccal ridge

a ridge running cervico-occlusally in approximately the center of the buccal surface of premolars

Cervical ridge

Ridge running mesiodistally (horizontal) in cervical one-third of buccal crown surface on primary dentition and permanent molars

Marginal ridge (incisor/canine)

On incisor and canine teeth, the ridges on the mesial and distal border of the lingual surface.

Marginal ridge (posterior)

On posterior teeth these ridges are on the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface.

Triangular ridge

On occlusal surface of posterior teeth, the ridge from any cusp tip to the center of the occlusal surface.

Fissure

May be found at the depth of a developmental groove

Apical 3rd

Middle 3rd

Cervical 3rd

Cervical 3rd

Middle 3rd

Incisal 3rd

Distal 3rd

Middle 3rd

Mesial 3rd

Occlusal 3rd

Posterior

Incisal 3rd

Anterior

Transverse ridge

Is a ridge crossing the occlusal surface of posterior teeth in B-L direction and made of connecting triangular ridges

Oblique ridge

found only on maxillary molars made of the triangular ridges of the mesiolingual and distobuccal cusps

Developmental groove

sharply defined, narrow, linear depression formed during tooth development separating lobes or major portion of a tooth

Cusp tip

Canines have ____ instead of incisal edge

Supplemental groove

Small Irregularly placed grooves not at the junction of lobes or major portions of the teeth

Fossa

A depression or hollow found on the lingual surfaces of some anterior teeth and on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth

Pits

Occur at depths of fossa where two or more grooves join