quiz aas

masculine ideology

• Winning

• Emotional Control

• Risk Taking

• Violence

• Power Over Women

• Dominance

• Playboy

• Self-Reliance

• Primacy of Work

• Disdain for Homosexuals

• Pursuit of Status

hegemonic masculinities:

dominant masculinity: white, middle class, heterosexual, young, fully employed, handsome and athletic

“three obediences”

—obedience to the father, submission to the husband, and indulgence of the son—are the measures of a woman’s value

perfect woman

seen as small petite childlike - clothes used to oppress

traditional Confucian masculinity,

men's gender roles are thought to be flexible and complex.

• "yin" or submissive, filial piety, defer to authority figures (polite, obedient, and willing to do domestic tasks)

• "yang" or masculine action when moral imperatives take precedence

three types of strain related to fulfilling masculine expectations:

• discrepancy - discrepancy between their real and ideal selves

• dysfunction - expectations for men are often psychologically toxic

• trauma - "male socialization process...which is recognized as inherently traumatic”

why did US purposely exclude Asian women from immigrating 

families could be threats to the “efficiency and exploitability of the workforce”

the Gentleman’s Agreement

began to allow Asian women to immigrate to the United States

most were prostitutes or wives

effect of asian women prostitution

the stereotype of Asian women being sexually permissive, hypersexual, and sexually subservient began to flourish

stark contrast to that of European women who were viewed as “pure.”

discrimination to asian women from white and black women 

White and Black American women believed that these Asian women had married their men; foreigners” who “stole” the few marriageable American men who returned from the war

double standard in education for men and women

for women - education is important for displaying wisdom and good genes,

but can’t become too educated because it may reduce her “female attributes” of wife, mother, etc.

top two illnesses that affect Asian American women

cancer and diabetes

boba liberals

asian american progressive activists with a feminist worldview

Lu,

Asian women who “use their white/non-Asian partners to gain influence and put them in positions of power above other Asians,”

autoethnography:

an autobiographical genre of writing and research that displays multiple layers of consciousness, connecting the personal to the cultural

write, interpret, and/or perform their own narratives about culturally significant experiences’’

criticisms of autoethnography

self indulgent, narcissistic, too individualized to have wide applicability

Identity negotiation theory is drawn from three major disciplines which are

communication, social psychology, and sociology

identity negotiation theory assumes

the self is a product of communication

primary identity

Four identity domains

cultural, ethnic, gender, and personal

are relatively stable and continue to shape our lives.

situational identity

role, relational, facework, and symbolic interaction identities are more flexible and change depending on the situation.

flexible and unstable

five identity dialectics

tensions people constantly balance during communication:

1. Security–Vulnerability: Feeling secure in familiar cultural settings but vulnerable in unfamiliar ones.

2. Inclusion–Differentiation: Feeling included when one’s group identity is accepted but different or stigmatized when it is not.

3. Predictability–Unpredictability: Trusting and feeling comfortable with familiar others, but uncertain in unfamiliar environments.

4. Autonomy–Connection: Balancing independence with the need for relational closeness.

5. Consistency–Change: Experiencing stability in predictable cultural contexts but sensing disruption and change in unpredictable ones.

A front stage

considered as a mask that social actors use to present their identities in the way that they want their audience to perceive who they are.

backstage

• is where only the social actors exist but the audience does not. The social actors’ performances are directed by props at either a front or a back stage.

  • more true rep of self

six-stage model of gay identity development

1. Identity confusion — questioning attraction.

2. comparison — recognizing difference from heterosexuals.

3. Identity tolerance — beginning to self-identify as gay.

4. identity acceptance — interacting with other gay people.

5. Identity pride — embracing non-heterosexual identity.

6. identity synthesis — integrating sexuality as one part of self

Taxi driving profession

“working-class” occupation while making “middleclass” earnings

not a prestigious occupation but can bring in the income to purchase a home in Hawai‘i and send children to private schools.

middle-class family definition

at least one parent with a high school degree or higher and who held a professional or non–labor-intensive job in Korea.

Working-class family definition

both parents have less than a high school education and worked in the service or labor market in Korea.

working class language capability

due to their limited education, have a difficult time speaking English

middle class language

middle-class families the barrier is reduced because at least one of the parents is able to speak English fairly fluently

working-class parents household

depend on their bilingual children to help with household tasks, raise younger siblings

Middle-class Korean American 1.5ers struggle with their ethnic identity

more exposed to non-immigrant youth in their schools and neighborhoods.

culprit to cause perfectionism

neoliberalism and masculinity - centered on winning

three narratives of asian drug use

disjuncture, natural connection, subtle associations

disjuncture

“typical” Asian Americans do not engage in these activities

natural connection

Drugs or dance are ways to deal with issues respondents describe as rooted in their Asian American identity

subtle associations

entirely separate issues, simply found nothing remarkable about it

what terms did the study participants use in describing how they negotiate their ethnic or Asian American identities?

saving, keeping, retaining, finding, searching, discovering, losing, and reclaiming

why did one respondent choose one type of drug over others

Ecstasy is “equal to alcohol,”

ecstasy is a pill and you don’t snort it, smoke it, or inject it, it “almost seems benign” and more simple, surgical, or clean

korean parents want

their kids to get good grades, go to Ivy League colleges, speak fluent Korean, and be proud of being Korean.

they go to church for

information from korean churches, they rely on it

menial labor

work that is like getting coffee, cleaning, etc

how did hagwons help MH students

prepared them for SAT and get ahead in school, bilingual and could help the parents who knew little about american school

how did not having hagwon affect dropouts

forced to rely solely on public schools - poor and incapable schools

high school dropouts had to take afterschool jobs, mostly as menial workers in the ethnic economy, where many continued in these jobs after dropping out.