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What is Theory?
System of ideas used to explain, analyze, or predict phenomena.
3 Types of Theory?
Descriptive – explains
Prescriptive – gives rules
Critical – questions society relationships
3 Architectural Orders?
Physical – actual form (space, structure)
Perceptual – how we experience it
Conceptual – meaning/ideas behind it
6 Principles of Design?
Proportion & Scale, Contrast, Balance, Hierarchy, Rhythm
Proportion vs Scale?
Proportion – part to whole
Scale – object to object
7 Proportioning Systems?
Golden Section
Regulating Lines
Classical Orders
Renaissance Theories
Modulor
Ken
Anthropometry
3 Types of Balance?
Symmetrical, Unsymmetrical, Gravitational
How to show hierarchy?
Size, Shape, Placement
2 Types of Symmetry?
Bilateral, Radial
2 Types of Rhythm?
Unaccented, Accented
5 Architectural Systems?
Spatial, Structural, Enclosure, Circulation, Context
6 Design Phases?
Initiation → Preparation → Synthesis → Evaluation → Action → Reevaluation
4 Primary Elements of Design?
Point, Line, Plane, Volume
3 Relational Properties of Form?
Position, Orientation, Visual Inertia
3 Relational Properties of Form?
Position, Orientation, Visual Inertia
4 Visual Properties of Form?
Shape, Size, Texture, Color
4 Parts of Color?
Hue, Value, Temperature, Intensity
3 Color Wheel Types?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
Warm vs Cool Colors?
Warm – energetic
Cool – calm
5 Color Harmonies?
Complementary
Analogous
Triadic
Split Complementary
Tetradic
4 Circulation Elements?
Approach, Entrance, Path, Path-Space Relationship
3 Types of Approach?
Frontal, Oblique, Spiral
3 Types of Entrance?
Flush, Projected, Recessed
6 Path Types?
Linear, Radial, Spiral, Grid, Network, Composite
PATH-SPACE RELATIONSHIP Types?
Pass by, Pass through, Terminate
4 Spatial Relationships?
Space within space
Interlocking
Adjacent
Linked by common space
5 Types?
Centralized, Linear, Radial, Clustered, Grid
4 Distance Zones?
Intimate, Personal, Social, Public
4 Types of Privacy?
Solitude, Intimacy, Anonymity, Reserve
5 Needs (Top to Bottom)? (MASLOW)
Self-actualization
Esteem
Love/Belonging
Safety
Physiological
CLIMATE (KÖPPEN)
Q: 5 Climate Types?
A – Tropical
B – Dry
C – Temperate
D – Continental
E – Polar
Goal of Passive Design?
Use natural elements (sun, wind) for comfort
PASSIVE DESIGN
4 Principles?
Avoid heat
Ventilation
Natural light
Cool outdoor spaces
PASSIVE DESIGN ELEMENTS
Q: 7 Main Considerations?
Orientation
Ventilation
Landscaping
Thermal Mass
Insulation
Windows
Lighting
VENTILATION
Q: 2 Types?
Stack ventilation
Passive ventilation
SOLAR SHADING
Q: Examples?
Louvers
Overhangs
Brise-soleil
Blinds
NATURAL LIGHTING
Q: 5 Methods?
Skylights
Atrium
Light shelves
Clerestory
Light tubes
WIND (PH)
Q: 2 Prevailing Winds?
Amihan (NE)
Habagat (SW)
DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION
Q: 2 Types of Transformation?
Subtractive, Additive
CIRCULATION SPACE FORM
Q: Types of Circulation Space?
Enclosed
Open one side
Open both sides
Sociopetal?
Brings people together
Sociofugal?
Separates people
DEFENSIBLE SPACE
Q: 3 Levels?
Visual access
Adjacency
Monitored (CCTV)
TERRITORIALITY
Q: What is Territoriality?
Control/ownership of space
CLIMATE – PHILIPPINES
Q: 2 Seasons?
Rainy, Dry
CLIMATE – PHILIPPINES
4 Climate Types (PH)?
Type I, II, III, IV
SUN PATH
Q: 4 Lines in Sun Path Diagram?
Azimuth
Altitude
Date
Hour
INSULATION
Q: 2 Types?
Bulk
Reflective
WINDOWS
Q: Types used in passive design?
Louvers
Casement
Tinted glass
Reflective coatings
THERMAL MASS
Q: What is Thermal Mass?
Ability to store heat
AIR FLOW PRINCIPLES
Q: 3 Principles?
High → Low pressure
Air has inertia
Path of least resistance
SEA & LAND BREEZE
Q: Sea breeze?
Sea → Land (day)
SEA & LAND BREEZE
Q: Land breeze?
Land → Sea (night)
SPATIAL ILLUSIONS
Q: Examples?
Level changes
Glass/light materials
Color use
Borrowed views