CRIM 25103 - Criminal Investigation - John Brooks. Exam 1 Flashcards.

Bow Street Runners

Early law enforcement group in London, established in the 18th century to combat crime.

Robert Peel & Principles

Founder of the modern police force; principles include crime prevention, public cooperation, and ethical conduct.

Rogue Gallery

Collection of criminal photographs used for identification and investigation.

Due Process Revolution

Period in the 1960s where U.S. Supreme Court expanded protections for defendants' rights.

Miranda v. Arizona

Landmark case that established Miranda rights for defendants.

Due Process Clause

Constitutional protection ensuring fair legal proceedings (5th & 14th Amendments).

Arrest vs. Detention

Arrest involves taking a person into custody; detention is a temporary restriction of movement.

Ingredients of an Arrest

Intent, authority, custody, understanding by the suspect.

Affidavit

Written sworn statement; writer is called an affiant.

Probable Cause

Reasonable belief based on facts that a crime has been committed.

Exigent Circumstances

Situations allowing law enforcement to act without a warrant.

Plain View Seizures

Evidence in plain sight can be seized without a warrant.

Stop and Frisk

Terry v. Ohio ruling allowing officers to pat down suspects for weapons.

Fruits of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine

Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in court.

Felony

Serious crime, punishable by over a year in prison.

Misdemeanor

Less serious crime, punishable by fines or less than a year in jail.

Investigator

Person responsible for collecting evidence and solving crimes.

4 Objectives of Investigation

Establish a crime, identify suspects, gather evidence, present findings.

Crime Scene Management - Primary Scene

Original location of the crime.

Crime Scene Management - Secondary Scene

Related locations where evidence is found.

Crime Scene Organization - 3 Major Functions

Scene security, evidence collection, documentation.

Categories of Evidence

Physical, testimonial, documentary.

Evidence Recovery Log

Records details of collected evidence.

Crime Scene Documentation

Sketches, notes, video recording.

Locard’s Exchange Principle

Contact between individuals and objects results in an exchange of material.

Anthropometry

Body measurements used for identification.

DNA Profiling

Genetic identification unique to individuals.

Class Characteristics

Shared among a group (e.g., shoe size, blood type).

Unique Characteristics

Specific to an individual (e.g., fingerprints, DNA).

Glass Fractures - Radial Fractures

Extend outward from the impact point.

Glass Fractures - Concentric Fractures

Circular cracks around impact.

Laser vs. ALS (Alternative Light Source)

Laser: Coherent light; ALS: Broad-spectrum light for identifying bodily fluids and fibers.

AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System)

Digital fingerprint database for matching prints.

Surface Texture & Blood Spatter

Blood behavior changes with different surfaces.

Firearms Identification

Analyzing bullet striations, firing pin marks, and gunpowder residue.

Control Loss at Crime Scene

Leads to compromised evidence, unverified claims, and hindered investigations.