Disorders of esophagus, stomach and duodenum

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)

reflux of hydrochloric acid and pepsin from the stomach into the esophagus

GERD Cause

may be due to a relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter or delayed in emptying the stomach

GERD S/S

worsens when laying down, aggravated by ETOH, coffee, smoking

Barrett’s Esophagus

an uncommon disorder that is almost always caused by GERD

Barrett’s esophagus sequelae

certain area in esophagus tissue becomes dysplastic and if left untreated it can lead to esophageal cancer

Hiatal Hernia

herniation of the stomach through the diaphragm so it sticks out into the thoracic cavity

Hiatal Hernia S/S

experience GERD, epigastric pain, dysphagia, or there can be no S/S

Hiatal Hernia tx

surgery

Gastritis

inflammation affecting the gastric mucosa and can cause erosions

Gastritis S/S

pain or burning over the epigastric area, and occasional bleeding

Acute Gastritis

usually results from an overuse of NSAIDS or ETOH and heals spontaneously once offending agent is removed

Chronic Gastritis

thought to be autoimmune etiology that occurs mostly in elderly and causes an atrophy in gastric mucosa developing pernicious anemia due to the loss of intrinsic factor

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Chronic inflammatory condition of the stomach and proximal duodenum in which disturbance of the mucosal lining allows acid to ulcerate the underlying tissue causing gastric or duodenal ulcers

PUD causes

ASA, NSAIDs, Chronic steroids use, heavy ETOH use, Smoking, chronic GI diseases

PUD S/S

can be painless, burning epigastric pain, heavy GI bleeding

PUD Tx

antacids, H-2 Blockers, PPIs, eradication of H.Pylori with abx regimen

Having one or more factors of the PUD causes means Pt is positive for

H. Pylori

H. Pylori

bacterium that can be ingested via food, drinking water, or other oral/fecal route