psych exam 1-correct version

continuity of species

continuity of species

Looking for ways in which different species are simila

learning

adding new behavior to the repertoire of the organism that produces a relatively permanent change in behavior

charles darwin

created the continuity of species theory

structure

what it looks like

function

what it does

parsimony

the simplest explanation for something

determinism

behavior determined by some combination of genetic and environmental factors

materialism

 behavior and its caused can be manipulated, measured, and observed

overt

behaviors are visible and can be measured

covert

 behaviors are internal and hidden processes

stimuli

the properties of the environment

responses

the properties of a behavior

operant behavior

behavior is controlled by antecedent and consequences (ABC relations) 

operations

the independent variable

processes

the dependent variable

anthropomorphism

attribution of human traits to non-human entities

fixed action patterns

sequence of behavior that is built in at birth

discriminative stimulus

it signals the effective forms of reinforcement

discriminative learning

to behave only when the discriminative stimulus is presented

emitted behavior

behavior reflecting an individuals internal state and motivation

elicited behavior

behavior produced by a response to external stimuli or cues

establishing operations (EO)

altering the effectiveness of some stimulus as a consequence for behavior

deprivation

lack of food as a reinforcer

satiation

addition of food as a reinforcer

unconditional stimulus

a stimulus that elicits a reflex without prior history

unconditional response

response that occurs following the unconditional stimulus

Neutral stimulus

stimulus with no effect

conditional stimulus

was a neutral stimulus, but now elicits a response

conditional response

response that is learned

respondent conditioning

neutral stimulus becomes an unconditional stimulus

extinction

presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditional stimulus

delayed conditioning

conditional stimulus is presented for a period of times before the unconditioned stimulus and they may overlap

simultaneous conditioning

the conditional stimulus and unconditioned stimulus overlap at the same time

backward conditioning

the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the conditioned stimulus

trace conditioning

the conditioned stimulus is presented for a delay, then the unconditioned stimulus is presented

natural selection

differential survival of a members population

reflexive behavior

features passed on during evolution

artificial selection

features of animals and plants being selected in breeding of animals

charles darwin (1859)

the origin of species book

blue print

a representation/copy

recipe

a sequence of procedures/instructions

phylogenic selection

selection over the evolutionary history of a species

ontogenic slection

selection that occurs within the lifetime of an organism

cultural selection

selection of behaviors as passed from one organism to another

meme

idea spread from person to person in culture coined by Richard Dawkins