BP S1 Exam1 P1

Evolution

Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over time.

Micro evolution (short time scale)

Change in the allele frequencies of genes over time.

Natural selection

Main mechanism for evolution/adaptation. Process by which organisms better adapted to their environment are able to survive and reproduce more.

Fitness & fitter

• Fitness: Ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment.

• Fitter: Has higher fitness than others; more likely to pass on genes.

Adaptations

Any of the characteristics that allow species to survive.

Artificial selection

Human-driven breeding for desired traits.

Evolution (individual)

There is none.

Evolution of genes:

Mutation.

Evolution (individuals)

Are selected.

Evolution (population)

Evolve

Taxonomy

The part of biology that involves the identifying of species.

What was Linnaeus big contribution #1?

Hierarchical system

Boxes within boxes (nested)

Choose the singular:

With word is both singular & plural

Angiosperms

Flowering plants

What does biological system of the classification reflects?

What does Phylogeny stand for?

What is a phylogenetic tree?

Time or degree of evolutionary change

Where can we find information to infer relatedness?

Morphology & DNA

Taxon (plural taxa)

Classification that reflects phylogeny. Taxa should be monophyletic.

Monophyletic group

A group that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Paraphyletic group

A group that includes a common ancestor but not all its descendants.

Polyphyletic group

A group that lacks a common ancestor; members have different evolutionary origins.

What is the purpose of natural selection?

Survival

What are plants made of and their percentages?

CHONPS 90% do the weight, trace elements (Ca, Mn, Na, Cl, K, Mg) & H2O 90% of the weight of most plan tissues.