AICE Environmental Management Final Exam Review

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species:

1973 treaty was formed to control the international trade of threatened plants and animals to protect them.

Effective on July 1, 1975, because of a resolution in 1963 at a meeting of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

IWC

International Whaling Commission:

Regulate the whaling industry by setting annual quotas to prevent over-harvesting and commercial extinction. Established under the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.

Founded on December 2, 1946, to conserve whale stocks and order in the whaling industry.

EU CFP

European Union Common Fisheries Policies:

Set of rules for managing European fishing fleets and conserving fish stocks.

Sets regulations on which member states are allowed to catch, amounts of fish, and market interventions.

Began in 1970 and was reformed in 2014.

ITTO

International Tropical Timber Organization:

An intergovernmental organization that promotes the conservation of tropical forest resources and their sustainable management, use, and trade.

Founded in 1986 for the diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests.

EDGE

Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE):

Founded in 2007 for threatened species that have few or no close relatives on the tree of life. Usually extremely distinct in the way they look, live, behave, and their genetic make-up.

EDGE species are animal species that have a high EDGE score, a metric of endangered conservation status with the genetic distinctiveness of the particular unit.

IUCN Red List

International Union for Conservation of Nature's list of worldwide threatened species:

The conservation status of species based on population size, degree of specialization, distribution, reproductive potential, geographic distribution and fragmentation, habitat quality, trophic level, and probability of extinction.

Founded in 1964 for the world's information on the global conservation status of animal, fungi, and plant species.

Pronatalist/Antinatalist

Pronatalist:

Relating to the policy or practice of encouraging people to have children.

Examples are tax advantages, better welfare benefits for women who have more than one child, and family-friendly employment conditions are encouraged to have more children.

Antinatalist:

The philosophical position views the birth and procreation of sentient beings (including non-human animals) as morally wrong.

An example is China's One-Child policy.

UN Agenda 21

United Nation's Agenda 21:

A plan of action to be taken globally, nationally, and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which human impacts the environment.

Originally held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 3-14, 1992.

Published 300 pages on April 23, 1992.

The Club of Rome

A group of social and natural scientists created in Rome, Italy in 1968 to examine the future predicament of humankind.

The 1972 study, Limits of Growth, shaped the debate for interrelated issues of global population growth, resource depletion, and environmental degradation.

Founded in 1968 as a nonprofit, informal organization whose goal is a critical discussion of pressing global issues.

The Antarctic Treaty 1959

An international agreement was signed by many countries to protect and manage Antarctica.

The treaty includes control of military activities, waste disposal, mineral exploitation, wildlife conservation, and tourism.

Founded in 1959 to demilitarize Antarctica as a zone free from nuclear tests, disposal of radioactive waste, and used for peaceful purposes only.

Promotes international scientific cooperation in Antarctica to end disputes over territorial sovereignty.

Basel Convention

A treaty was developed in 1989 by the UN Environment Program to restrict the international transport of hazardous waste.

Allows countries to export hazardous waste only with the prior informed consent of the importing country as well as of any countries that the waste passes through in transit.

Protects human health and the environment against effects from the generation, movements, and management of hazardous wastes.

UN International Water Law

Founded in 1982 to manage water resources that pass through multiple sovereign states and territories.

Majority of international water laws are developed through international custom.

Customs are sometimes codified by international organizations such as the United Nations.

WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines

World Health Organization's updated guidelines offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

Founded in 2006 to help reduce human exposure to air pollution and its impacts.

Clean Air Act

1970 law that established national standards for states, strict auto emissions guidelines, and regulations, which set air pollution standards for private industry.

Initially enacted in 1963 and amended many times after as one of the United States' first and most influential modern environmental laws.

Reduce and control air pollution nationwide.

Montreal Protocol

1987 where a group of nations met in Canada and agreed to take steps to fight against Ozone Depletion by banning CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).

International treaty to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that cause ozone depletion.

Agreed on September 16, 1987, and effective on January 1, 1989.

Kyoto Protocol 1992

1992 pledge from 192 nations to reduce CO2 emissions over the next two decades.

International agreement with binding targets for industrialized countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Requires actual emissions to be monitored and recorded in logs and places a more significant burden on developed nations.

US signs but does not come close to meeting the pledge.

Paris Agreement 2016

195 countries legally binding global climate deal.

An agreement was made between the United Nations countries to cut down on the emissions of greenhouse gases to slow down global warming.

More wealthy and producing countries have to cut down more.

Effective on November 4, 2016, the "Paris Climate Accords", is an international treaty on climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance.

World Food Program

The food assistance branch of the United Nations and the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security.

An international organization within the United Nations that provides food assistance worldwide as the leading provider of school meals.

Founded in 1961, the program is headquartered in Rome and has offices in 80 countries.

Water Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Continents

Oceans

Structure/Composition of Atmosphere

Quadrats (open frame or grid and point)

Pitfall Traps

Sweep Nets

Beating Trays

Kick Sampling

Light Traps

Capture-Mark-Recapture

Water Turbidity

Questionnaires

Interviews

Ecological Pyramids (numbers/biomass/energy)

Distribution of Earth's Water

Chemical and Word Equations fir Photosynthesis and Aerobic Respiration

Population Density

Dependency Ratio

Population Size with Lincoln Index (given)

Estimated Biodiversity with Simpson's Index (given)

Percent Cover

Frequency

Abundance using ACFOR

Energy Loss

Magnification

Percentages

Area

Perimeter

Mean, Median, Mode, Range

Map Scale

Correlations

Graphs

Tables

Charts

Histograms

LIC

MIC

Biome

Ecosystem

Population

Community

Habitat

Niche

Abiotic

Biotic

Biotic Interactions

Photosynthesis*

Chlorophyll

Producer

Primary Consumer

Secondary Consumer

Tertiary Consumer

Decomposer

Carbon Stores

Trophic Level*

Aerobic Respiration*

Dependent Variable

Independent Variable

Theory

Reliable Data

Bias

HIC

Sustainability*