Chapter 2: Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Alfred Binet (p. 37)

created the first scale to measure intelligence for the French education system, generating a single score of "g"

behavioral (p. 40)

an empirical approach to therapy focusing on human behavior that arose in the 1950's in response to the subjective nature of the psychodynamic approach

Boulder conference (p. 43)

determined that research and clinical practice were essential for PhD clinical psychology training, an approach known as the Boulder model

Charles Spearman (p. 37)

argued for the existence of "g", a general intelligence that overlaps with various abilities

Christiana Morgan (p. 38)

one of the creators of the Thematic Apperception Test

cognitive (p. 40)

an approach to therapy that focuses on thoughts and logical thinking, which is widely used among clinical psychologists

David Wechsler (p. 37)

developed a test of intelligence specifically for adults

dementia praecox (p. 33)

Kraepelin's term to describe what is known today as schizophrenia

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (p. 34)

published by the APA as a more sophisticated attempt to define and organize mental diagnoses

diagnostic criteria (p. 34)

lists indicating exactly what symptoms constitute each disorder

Dorothea Dix (p. 29)

Sunday school teacher from Boston who traveled to cities and collected data on how it treated the mentally ill and worked to persuade local leaders to make changes

Edward Lee Thorndike (p. 37)

promoted the idea that each person has separate intelligences

Eli Todd (p. 29)

a physician from Connecticut who heard of Pinel and implemented his ideas in the U.S.

Emil Kraepelin (p. 33)

proposed a two-category system for categorizing mental illness: endogenous and exogenous

endogenous disorders (p. 33)

Disorders caused by internal factors

exogenous disorders (p. 33)

Disorders caused by external factors

family therapy (p. 40)

approach from the 1950"s that understood the mentally ill as products of a flawed family system

Henry Murray (p. 38)

another creator of the Thematic Apperception Test

Hermann Rorschach (p. 38)

created the Rorschach Inkblot Method

humanistic (p. 40)

another therapeutic approach of the 1960's that focused on relationships and personal growth

J. C. McKinley (p. 39)

another developer of the MMPI

Lightner Witmer (p. 30)

founded the first psychological clinic and coined the term "clinical psychology"

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (p. 39)

most widely used objective personality assessment which contains clinical and validity scales

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) (p. 39)

the updated and current version of the MMPI with a more diverse standardization sample

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) (p. 39)

a version of the MMPI for adolescents

neurosis (p. 33)

rudimentary category of mental illness that includes psychiatric symptoms while maintaining a sense of reality

objective personality tests (p. 39)

generally more scientifically sound assessment of personality that involves the subject answering multiple choice or true/false questions about themself

Philippe Pinel (p. 28)

a Frenchman who worked to convince society that the mentally ill deserve compassion and treatment, including detailed treatment notes

projective personality test (p. 38)

tests based on the assumption that the way people interpret ambiguous stimuli reveals their personality

psychodynamic (p. 40)

the predominate approach to therapy in the mid 1900's

psychosis (p. 33)

rudimentary category of mental illness where individuals lose their sense of reality

Rorschach Inkblot Method (p. 38)

a projective personality assessment where the subject gives meaning to a set of 10 ambiguous ink blots

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (p. 37)

the current name for the intelligence scales created by Alfred Binet

Starke Hathaway (p. 39)

one of the developers of the MMPI

The Psychological Clinic (p. 30)

first clinical psychology journal, founded by Lightner Whitmer

The Retreat (p. 29)

founded by Eli Todd that emphasized humane treatment and gave patients significant input in their own treatment

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (p. 38)

a projective personality assessment that involves interpreting ambiguous scenes to tell a story

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) (p. 37)

the revised and re-standardized version of the Wechsler-Bellevue test

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (p. 37)

a version of the Wechsler intelligence test for children

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) (p. 38)

intelligence test designed for very young children

Wechsler-Bellevue (p. 37)

the first intelligence test created for adults

William Tuke (p. 28)

Englishman who devoted his life to improving the conditions of mentally ill patients

York Retreat (p. 28)

created by William Tuke as place to care for the mentally ill with dignity and respect