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filiel piety
Respect and devotion shown to one's parents and ancestors, reflecting a strong sense of duty and honor in Confucian philosophy.
neoconfucisanism
A philosophical movement blending Confucianism with Buddhist and Daoist beliefs, emphasizing self-cultivation, moral development, and social harmony. Prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties in China.
confucianism
Chinese ethical and philosophical system emphasizing moral values, family loyalty, respect for elders, and social harmony. Founded by Confucius.
footbinding
Chinese practice of tightly binding young girls' feet to prevent growth, resulting in deformed feet. Practiced for centuries as a symbol of beauty and status.
Buddhism
Buddhism: A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to reach enlightenment and end suffering.
theravada buddhism
form of buddhism in srilanka based on chanting and rituals, focused on monks, not accessible to everyone
mahayana buddhism
Form of Buddhism created in Vietnam, focused on compassion and was available to everyone
tibetan buddhism
Form of Buddhism created in Tibet region of china, focused on mystical practices
chan buddhism
Form of Buddhism created in china, combination of daoism and Buddhism
champa rice
New innovation/type of rice introduced by Vietnam to china through tributary system. Drought resistant and can be grown multiple times a year. Allowed for a large population boom
grand canal
New transportation innovation created during song china. Allowed for easy and accessible trade within the region
junk
New Chinese ship that allowed for better travel while trading due to easy navigation and large storage spaces
magnetic compass
New technology created in song Chiba that allowed for easier navigation
judaism
First religion created out of the main three. Monotheistic religion with the prophet Abraham. Follows the religious book the Torah
christianity
Built based on the resurrection of the Jewish prophet Jesus Christ. Follows the religious book of the bible
islam
Monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Muhammad. Focus on the five pillars and acts of righteousness
abbasid caliphate
Islamic caliphate after Umayyad. Had the golden age of Islam with the house of wisdom and Nasir Al din Al Tutsi
ummayad caliphate
First Islamic caliphate
seljuk turks
groups of turks that took over the abassid caliphate. they were taken in as slaves and warriors by the abassids, but eventually rose to power and defeated the abbasids.
mamluk
group of turks that took over egyptian caliphate
delhi sultanate
turkic islamic group that ruled over northern India after the rajput kingdoms. They atttempted to spread islam thorughout india but failed due to the strong influence of hinduism.
nasir al din al tusi
a Persian polymath who made significant contributions to various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and ethics.
house of wisdom
Prominent center of learning in Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age, fostering advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy.
hinduism
Oldest major religion
Polytheistic
Dharma, karma, and moksha are key concepts
Vedas and Upanishads are sacred texts
buddishm
Religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizing the Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, and enlightenment through meditation and mindfulness practices.
caste system
Social hierarchy based on hereditary, rigid class divisions in society. Determines one's social status, occupation, and opportunities based on birth.
bhkati movement
A devotional trend in Hinduism, emphasizing love and devotion towards a personal god, aiming for spiritual connection and salvation.
sufism
Mystical branch of Islam focused on seeking inner spiritual connection with the divine through practices like meditation and chanting.
srivijaya nagara empire
A powerful maritime empire in Southeast Asia from the 7th to 13th century, known for its control over trade routes and cultural influence in the region. Controlled the strait of malacca
majapahit empire
Based on java
Controlled sea routes
Buddhist
strait of Malacca
waterway that allowed travel between to India and China, controleld by the Srivijaya empire
angkor wat
temple built in khmer empire, intiially was a hindu temple, later converted + preserved as buddhist temple
Mayan civilization
The southern part of Mexico
City state government
Each ruled by a king
Wars btwn city-states
Human sacrifice
When king died, he became god
Taxes: crops + hard labor to government
No standing army = civilian army
Complex writing system
Created rubber
Accurate calendars
aztec civilization
Aka Mexicas
Capital: Tenochtitlan
Network of aqueducts
Stone pyramids
Chinampas
Floating gardens
Irrigation systems
Central Mexico
Tribute system
Conquered people were forced to pay tribute, surrender lands, perform military service
Tributes included goods, clothes, firewood, beads, feathers, jewelry
City-states are divided into provinces
Theocracy
Rule of religious leaders
Great speaker
Land owning nobles
Scribes + healers
Craftspeople + traders
Peasants + soldiers
human sacrifice
religious practice conducted by populations + civilizations in the Americas, a way to satisfy the needs of the Sun god
Inca civilization
Ecuador to chile
Split into 4 provinces
No tributes
Mit’a system: mandatory public service
Agricultural labor + construction of roads
Sun god
Temple of the sun
Animism: elements of the physical world had supernatural powers
Quipu: a system of knotted strings to record a number of data
Great bridges + roads
Decline:
Spanish conquistador francisco pizarro 1532
Came in during the Civil War
Weakened army
Diseases brought by Europeans
wari civilization
civilization before incas, had a lot of influence on the style on incan rule
mita system
mandatory public service
Agricultural labor + construction of roads
quipu
a system of knotted strings to record a number of data
mounds
structures built Misssissipian civilizations as houses
mississipian civilization
Big earth mounds
Rigid class structure
Chief: great sun
Priests + nobles
Farmers + hunters or merchants + artisans
Enslaved people
Matrilineal society
Social standing depends on the women’s side of the family
swahili civilizations
east coast of africa
independent city states
focused on trade
timber + slaves + gold
Islamic
swahili language = arabic + bantu
hausa kingdoms
Connected through kinship ties
Seven states
Benefited from trans-saharan trade
Lacked central authority
Decline:
Constant domination
great Zimbabwe
Stone housing
Situated btwn Zambezi + Limpopo rivers
Agriculture + trade + grazing + gold
Taxes on gold made Kingdoms wealthy
Traded with coastal city-states
Tied into Indian Ocean trade
Swahili = arabic + bantu
Strong Arabic influence
Decline:
Great zimbabwe: stone wall to protect city
Overgrazing damaged environment
ethiopian civilization
christian
salt trade
centralized powers
Expressed PWR through architecture
Churches made out of rock + stone
Ethiopian Christianity developed differently
eastern orthodox
chirstianity branching from the byzantine empire
kept alive by people of krevan
Roman Catholic
Western part of Europe
hierarchal
feudalism
a decentralized political organization based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty
Mutual obligations
King gave land to lords
Lords owed service to the king
Lord gave land to a knight
Knights protected king or lord
Lord gave land to peasants
Peasants farmed on that land
Currency: land
manorialism
Manors
Economic self-sufficiency + defense
Small towns w. Small occupations
Serfs = peasants, tied to land
serfs
peasants, tied to land