Anatomy (Muscle Cards) - Exam 4

This collection of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and concepts related to the anatomy and function of the suboccipital region and anterior deep neck, helping students prepare for in-depth examinations.

Suboccipital Triangle

A triangular region located in the deep posterior neck, bounded by Suboccipital muscles.

Suboccipital Triangle (Major Role)

head posture; fine extension, ipsilateral rotation or sidebend

Suboccipital Triangle (Innervation)

motor - Suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

sensory - Greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C2)

Suboccipital Triangle (Boundaries)

Rectus capitis posterior major (superomedial)

Obliquus capitis superior (superolateral)

Obliquus capitis inferior (inferolateral)

Semispinalis capitis (roof)

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane + posterior arch of C1 (floor)

Suboccipital Triangle (Contents)

Suboccipital nerve (C1) and vertebral artery

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (Prox)

spinal process of C2

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major (Distal)

occiput (lat of inferior nuchal line)

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (Prox)

posterior tubercle of C1

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor (Distal)

occiput (med of inferior nuchal line)

Obliquus Capitis Superior (Prox)

transverse process of C1

Obliquus Capitis Superior (Distal)

occiput (between superior/inferior nuchal lines)

Obliquus Capitis Inferior (Prox)

spinous process of C2 

Obliquus Capitis Inferior (Distal)

transverse process of C1

Suboccipital Muscles

RCP maj, RCP min, OC sup, and OC inf

Suboccipital Muscles(Nerve)

Suboccipital n. (posterior ramus of C1)

Suboccipital Muscles (Actions)

indirectly

EXT head on C1

ROT head on C1/C2

Anterior Scalene (Prox)

ant tubercles of C3-C6 transverse processes

Anterior Scalene (Distal)

1st rib (scalene tubercle)

Anterior Scalene (Actions)

Elevates the 1st rib during inspiration.

Middle Scalene (Prox)

transverse processes of C1-C2

posterior tubercles of transverse processof C5-C7

Middle Scalene (Distal)

1st rib (sup)

groove for subclavian a. (post)

Middle Scalene (Actions)

ELV 1st rib during inspiration

RIBS FIXED: lat flex of CS (uni) + flx neck (bi)

Posterior Scalene (Prox)

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C7

Posterior Scalene (Distal)

2nd rib (ext border)

Posterior Scalene (Actions)

RIBS FIXED: lat flex of CS (uni) + flx neck (bi)

Scalenes (Nerves)

Anterior rami of C3-C8, which includes cervical and brachial plexus.

Trapezius (Prox)

superior nuchal line (med third)

external occipital protuberance

nuchal ligament

SP of C7-T12

Trapezius (Distal)

clavicle (lat third)

acromion

spine of scapula

Trapezius (Nerves)

motor: spinal accessory (CN XI)

sensory: C3-C4

Trapezius (Actions)

ELV scapula (descending part)

DP scapula (ascending part)

RT scapula (transverse part)

SUP ROT scapula (ascending/descending)

Latissimus Dorsi (Prox)

inferior angle (scapula)

SP (inferior 6 thoracic)

thoracolumbar fascia

iliac crest

Latissimus Dorsi (Distal)

intertubercle sulcus

bicipital groove (humerus)

Latissimus Dorsi (Nerves)

Thoracodorsal n (from C6-C8)

Latissimus Dorsi (Actions)

EXT shoulder

ADD shoulder

IR shoulder

ELV body towards arm during climbing

Levator Scapulae (Prox)

TP of C1-C4 (post tubercles)

Levator Scapulae (Distal)

scapula (medial border - sup part)

Levator Scapulae (Nerves)

dorsal scapular nerve

cervical nerves C3-C4

Levator Scapulae (Actions)

ELV scapula

TILTS glenoid cavity inferiorly

Rhomboid Minor (Prox)

nuchal ligament (inf part)

SP of C7 - T1 

Rhomboid Major (Prox)

spinous processes of T2-T5

Rhomboid Minor/Major (Distal)

scapula (medial border - level of spine to inferior angle)

Rhomboid Minor/Major (Nerve)

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

Rhomboid Minor/Major (Actions)

RT scapula

ROT scapula to depress glenoid cavity

fix scapula to thoracic wall 

Serratus Anterior (Prox)

ribs (1-8/9)

Serratus Anterior (Distal)

scapular (medial border - ant surface)

Serratus Anterior (Nerve)

long thoracic n (C5,C6,C7)

Serratus Anterior (Actions)

PRT

ROT scapula

hold against thoracic wall

Serratus Posterior Superior (Prox)

nuchal ligament

spinous processes C7-T3

Serratus Posterior Superior (Distal)

ribs (2-4, near their angles)

Serratus Posterior Superior (Nerves)

intercostal nerves 2-5

Serratus Posterior Superior (Actions)

ELV ribs

Serratus Posterior Inferior (Prox)

spinous processes of T11-L2

Serratus Posterior Inferior (Distal)

ribs 9-12 (inf borders)

Serratus Posterior Inferior (Nerves)

intercostal nerves 9-11

subcostal nerve (T12)

Serratus Posterior Inferior (Actions)

DEP ribs

Splenius Capitis/Splenius cervicis (INF ATT)

nuchal ligament

spinous processees of C7-T6

Splenius Capitis (SUP ATT)

mastoid process of temporal

superior nuchal line (lat third)

Splenius Cervicis (SUP ATT)

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3/4

Splenius Capitis/Splenius cervicis (Nerves)

post rami of spinal nerves

Splenius Capitis/Splenius cervicis (Actions)

uni: LAT FLEX neck/ROT head ipsilaterally

bi: EXT head/neck

Erector Spinae Muscle Group

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis (INF ATT)

iliac crest (post part)

sacrum (post)

sacral/inf lumbar spinous processes

supraspinous ligament

Iliocostalis (SUP ATT)

ribs (lower angles)

cervical transverse processes

Longissimus (SUP ATT)

ribs (betweeen tubercles and angles)

transverse processes of thoracic/cervical

mastoid proceess (mastoid)

Spinalis (SUP ATT)

spinous processes of upper thoracic

skull

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis (Nerves)

posterior rami of spinal nerves

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis (Actions)

uni: LAT bend vertebral column ipsilaterally

bi: EXT vertebral column/head as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers

Semispinalis (Prox)

Spans multiple thoracic and cervical segments, extending and rotating the vertebral column.

Semispinalis (INF ATT)

thoracic/cervical transverse processes

Semispinalis (SUP ATT)

thoracis/cervicis/capitis:

occipital 

spinous processes of thoracic/cervical (4-6 segments)

Semispinalis (Actions)

EXT head

EXT thoracic/cervical

ROT thoracic/cervical contralateraly

Multifidus (Prox)

sacrum

ilium

transverse processes (T1-L5)

articular processes (C4-C7)

Multifidus (Distal)

spinous processes (vertebrae 2-4)

Multifidus (Actions)

stabilizes vertebral column

Rotatores breves/longi (INF ATT)

transverse processes of vertebrae

Rotatores breves/longi (SUP ATT)

laminae of vertebrae

spinous processes (1-2 segments)

Rotatores breves/longi (Actions)

stabilizes

assist witth local EXT/ROT movements

may function as organ of proprioception

Semispinalis. multifundus, rotatores (Nerves)

posterior rami of spinal nerves

Interspinales (Prox)

spinous processes of cervical/lumbar (sup surface)

Interspinales (Distal)

spinous processes of cervical/lumbar (inf surface)

Interspinales (Nerves)

posterior rami of spinal nerves

Interspinales (Actions)

aids in EXT/ROT of VC

Interspinales (Actions)

Aids in extension and rotation of the vertebral column.

Intertransversarii (Prox)

transverse processes of cervical/lumbar

Intertransversarii (Distal)

transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Intertransversarii (Nerves)

post/ant rami of spinal nerves

Intertransversarii (Actions)

aid LAT FLX of VC

bi: stabilize VC

Levator Costarum breves/longi (MED ATT)

tips of transverse processes of C7 and T1-T11

Levator Costarum breves/longi (LAT ATT)

rib (between tubercle and angle)

Levator Costarum breves/longi (Nerves)

posterior rami C8-T11 spinal nerves

Levator Costarum breves/longi (Actions)

ELV ribs assisting in inspiration

LAT FLX of VC