Government AIR test

Negotiation

A process of settling differences through a discussion of issues.

Consensus Building

Process of working toward achieving general agreement within a group.

Persuasion

Process of inducing (convincing) others into accepting a point of view by means of reasoning and argumentation.

Compromise

Process of making concessions (giving something up) to settle differences.

Domestic Policy

a type of public policy overseeing administrative decisions that are directly related to all issues and activity within a state's borders

Foreign Policy

a government's strategy in dealing with other nations

Rule of Law

The rule of law is a fundamental principle of governance where all persons, institutions, and entities, including the state itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards

Gridlock

a situation in which opposing parties are unable to reach an agreement in government, resulting in a stalemate.

Concurrent powers

laws shared by both the federal and state governments in the United States, allowing them to exercise similar functions independently, such as taxation, establishing courts, and enforcing laws

Government deficit

the government spends more than it collects in taxes and other income

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Amendment: freedom to religion, speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government

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Amendment: the right to bear arms

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Amendment: the right to housing soldiers

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Amendment: No unreasonable searches and seizures by the government, requires warrents

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Amendment: guarantees rights in criminal and civil cases (includes due process)

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Amendment: guarantees rights to individuals accused of crimes in criminal prosecutions. it ensures the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to an impartial jury

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Amendment: guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases

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Amendment: prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, excessive fines, and excessive bail

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Amendment: clarifies that the enumeration of specific rights in the Constitution does not mean that other rights retained by the people are denied or disparaged

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Amendment: reserves powers not given to the federal government to the states and the people

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Amendment: protects states from lawsuits filed against them by citizens of other states or foreign nations

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Amendment: It revises and outlines the procedure of how Presidents and Vice Presidents are elected, specifically so that they are elected together and establishes the electoral college

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Amendment: abolished slavery (reconstruction era)

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Amendment: guarantees citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, prevents states from infringing on citizens' rights, and ensures equal protection under the law (due process, reconstruction era)

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Amendment: prohibits the federal government and any state from denying or abridging a citizen's right to vote based on race (reconstruction era)

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Amendment: grants Congress the power to levy and collect income taxes

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Amendment: prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors in the United States (prohibition era)

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Amendment: women’s suffrage

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Amendment: shifts the start dates for the terms of the President, Vice President, and members of Congress. It moves the start of presidential and vice-presidential terms to noon on January 20th, and the start of congressional terms to noon on January 3rd

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Amendment: repealed the 18th Amendment, effectively ending national Prohibition. It also returned the power to regulate alcohol to the individual states. This means states can now decide how to regulate alcohol sales, production, and consumption within their borders

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incorporation

The legal process by which the Bill of Rights is applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.