Wk. 12 - Obesity Flashcards

What does BMI stand for and what does it indicate?

Body Mass Index; it indicates adiposity but does not directly measure body fat.

Why is BMI considered a limited tool for assessing adiposity?

It doesn’t account for muscle mass, bone density, age, sex, or ethnic differences.

What does waist circumference measure and why is it important?

It measures abdominal visceral fat, which is linked to increased risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes.

What is the waist-to-height ratio guideline for healthy adiposity?

"Keep your waist circumference less than half your height."

What percentage of U.S. adults are overweight or obese?

73.1%.

What is the global obesity rate among adults?

13%.

At what BMI is someone of Asian descent considered overweight?

BMI ≥ 23 kg/m².

Name two biological factors influencing obesity.

Genetics and hormonal regulation

What is the "toxic food environment"?

An environment with increased availability of ultra-processed, high-calorie foods.

Name two behavioral contributors to obesity.

Emotional eating and insufficient physical activity.

List three diseases associated with obesity.

Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and sleep apnea.

What is metabolic syndrome?

A cluster of conditions increasing risk for CVD and diabetes.

Define weight bias.

Negative stereotypes about individuals with higher body weight.

How does weight stigma affect patient care?

It can lead to delayed care, patient shame, and avoidance of healthcare.

What is internalized weight bias?

When individuals apply negative stereotypes to themselves, leading to self-devaluation.

What is the key dietary principle for weight loss?

Create a consistent calorie deficit.

How much physical activity is recommended for weight loss maintenance?

200–300 minutes of moderate to intense exercise per week.

Name one behavioral strategy for weight management.

Mindful eating.

What is Orlistat’s mechanism of action?

It inhibits fat absorption in the intestines.

What is a major side effect of Orlistat?

Diarrhea and reduced absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

What is the action of phentermine?

It suppresses appetite via the sympathetic nervous system.

Which drug combines an antidepressant and an opioid antagonist for appetite control?

Bupropion/Naltrexone (Contrave).

Which class of drugs includes Semaglutide and Tirzepatide?

GLP-1 receptor agonists.

What contraindication is shared by GLP-1 agonists?

Personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN2.

What are the two main types of endoscopic weight loss procedures?

Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty and intragastric balloons.

Which bariatric surgery is currently most common?

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG).

What is the expected total weight loss from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass?

30–35% of total body weight.

What BMI criteria are used for considering bariatric surgery?

BMI ≥ 40 or ≥ 35 with obesity-related comorbidities.

Name a critical nursing intervention post-bariatric surgery related to airway.

Monitor for sleep apnea; use incentive spirometry.

What is dumping syndrome and how can it be prevented?

Rapid emptying of stomach contents causing GI symptoms; avoid sugary foods and eat small, slow meals.