W12-Ch14 Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Industrial and organizational psychology

The application of concepts and practices based in psychology to work

Industrial psychology

Increase profitability, safety, efficiency, etc.; make everything work better in the workplace

Job analysis

Description of job and its responsibilities

Employee selection

Hiring and selection for specific jobs

Training

Best practices for preparing new employees for a position

Performance appraisal

Evaluations of employees and how they handle the responsibilities they’ve been given

Attractiveness bias

People who are considered less conventionally attractive are also rated lower by others in the areas of social competence, intellectual competence, mental health, morality, etc.

Organizational psychology

Human relations, increasing satisfaction among workers, and best practices for leadership and management; improve relationships between people in the workplace

Job satisfaction

Extent to which someone is content in their job

Affective commitment

Emotional attachment to the workplace

Continuance commitment

Commitment based on the idea that leaving the workplace would be personally costly either economically or socially

Normative commitment

Commitment based on the idea that the employee owes the company for the investment the company has made in the individual

Japanese style

Focus on considerations for the future, innovation, and high quality. Employees very involved in decision-making.

Theory X

Mindset that employees do not want to work. Tight control, high demands, focus on punishment.

Theory Y

Mindset that employees want to do a good job and work hard. Focus on challenging employees and allowing employees to experiment in problem solving.

Strengths-Based

Focus on the strengths that employees already possess and match them to the best position for them rather than building on their skillset.

Fluid intelligence

Your ability to think logically, reason abstractly, and solve new problems without relying on prior knowledge or experience.

Crystallized intelligence

Your store of knowledge; the facts, vocabulary, and skills you've learned through experience and education.

Speed of processing

Reaction time

Verbal memory

Verbal and working memory