Physiology: Muscular System - Unit 2

Muscular System Functions (2)

1. To contract & relax.

2. To generate movement.

Muscle Types (3)

1. Cardiac Muscle

2. Smooth Muscle

3. Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Found in heart

Smooth Muscle

Found in digestive, respiratory & circulatory systems.

Skeletal Muscle

Found attached to bones.

Skeletal Muscle Group

M

Skeletal Muscle Functions (2)

1. Attached to bones

2. To contract & move bones

Skeletal Muscle Specialized Cell

Muscle Fiber: Responsible for contraction

Dense Tissue Group

C

Dense Tissue Functions/Types (2)

1. Tendon - Connects bone to muscle

2. Ligament - Connects bone to bone.

Dense Tissue Specialized Cell

Fibroblast: Makes Collagen

Tendon

Connects bone to muscle

Ligament

Connects bone to bone.

Dense Tissue Specialized Cell

Fibroblast: Makes Collagen

Skeletal Muscle (3)

• Under voluntary (conscious control)

• Contains fibers stacked tightly.

• Contains many mitochondria - to provide power

(Skeletal Muscle Naming Characteristics) Location: (3)

1. Lateral - side

2. Medial - middle

3. Anterior - front

(Skeletal Muscle Naming Characteristics) Shape: (1)

Orbi - Circular

(Skeletal Muscle Naming Characteristics) Size (3):

1. Major maximus - large

2. Longus - long

3. Vastus - huge

(Skeletal Muscle Naming Characteristics) Direction / Orientation (2):

1. Rectus - straight / parallel

2. Oblique - diagonal

(Muscle Categorization): Skull (6):

1. Frontalis

2. Orbicularis Oculi

3. Zygomaticus

4. Orbicularis Oris

5. Masseter

6. Temporalis

(Muscle Categorization) Neck (2):

1. Trapezius

2. Sternocleidomastoid

(Muscle Categorization) Thoracic Cavity ANTERIOR (1):

Pectoralis Major

(Muscle Categorization) Thoracic Cavity POSTERIOR (1)

Trapezius

(Muscle Categorization) Abdomen ANTERIOR (2)

1. External Oblique

2. Rectus abdominus

(Muscle Categorization) Abdomen POSTERIOR (2)

1. External Oblique

2. Rectus Abdominus

(Muscle Categorization) Upper Arms ANTERIOR (2)

1. Biceps Brachii

2. Deltoid

(Muscle Categorization) Upper Arm POSTERIOR (2)

1. Deltoid

2. Triceps Brachii

(Muscle Categorization) Lower Arm ANTERIOR (1)

Brachloradialus

(Muscle Categorization) Upper Leg ANTERIOR (5)

1. Adductor Group

2. Vastus lateralis

3. Vastus medialis

4. Sartarius

5. Rectus femoris

(Muscle Categorization) Upper Leg POSTERIOR (4)

1. Adductor Group

2. Biceps femoris

3. Semitendinosus

4. Gluteus Maximus

(Muscle Categorization) Lower Leg ANTERIOR (2)

1. Fibularis Longus

2. Tibialis Anterior

(Muscle Categorization) Lower Leg POSTERIOR (1)

Gastrocnemius

Temporalis

Orbicularis Oculi (front view)

Zygomaticus (front view)

Frontalis (front view)

Masseter

Orbicularis Oris (front view)

Frontalis (side view)

Orbicularis Oculi (side view)

Zygomaticus (side view)

Orbicularis Oris (side view)

Trapezius (POSTERIOR)

Sternocleidomastoid (ANTERIOR)

Deltoid (Posterior)

External Oblique (ANTERIOR)

Brachioradialus (ANTERIOR)

Rectus Femoris (ANTERIOR)

Vastus Lateralis (ANTERIOR)

Fibularis Longus (ANTERIOR)

Tibialis Anterior (ANTERIOR)

Pectoralis Major (ANTERIOR)

Biceps Brachii (ANTERIOR)

Rectus Abdominus (ANTERIOR)

Adductor Group (ANTERIOR)

Satoris (ANTERIOR)

Vastus Medialis (ANTERIOR)

Gastrocnemius (ANTERIOR)

Deltoid (POSTERIOR)

Triceps Brachii (POSTERIOR)

External Oblique (POSTERIOR)

Adductor Group (POSTERIOR)

Biceps Femoris (POSTERIOR)

Lattismus Dorsi (POSTERIOR)

Gluteus Maximus (POSTERIOR)

Semitendionosis (POSTERIOR)

Gastrocnemius (POSTERIOR)

Muscle Rule #1

Minimum of TWO attachments

Muscle Rule #2

Cross at least ONE joint.

Muscle Rule #3

Insertion: Attachment that moves

Muscle Rule #4

Origin: Attachment that remains stationary.

Muscle Rule #5

Muscles always ‘pull’ and get shorter.

Muscle Rule #6

Muscles work in OPPOSING pairs (ex: bicep vs. tricep)

Fiber

Muscle Cells

Proteins

Myosin

STATIONARY during contraction

Actin

MOBILE during contraction

Contracted Muscle (2)

1. LARGE overlap of actin and myosin.

2. LENGTH of fibers = SHORT

Relaxed Muscle (2)

1. SMALL overlap of actin and myosin.

2. LENGTH of fibers = LONG

Cellular Respiration Energy Importance (5):

1. FUEL for our cells

2. Allows us to CARRY OUT Functions.

3. Transporting substances (circulatory), Contract muscles (muscular/ skeletal)

4. Breakdown nutrients (digestive system)

5. Maintain Cellular life of certain cells (reproduce/ make new cells)

Cellular Respiration Process of converting _____ &______ we consume into usable forms of _____. Occurs within ___________ inside cells.

• GLUCOSE

• OXYGEN

• ENERGY.

• MITOCHONDRIA

Mitochondria Consumes & Inhales

Consumes Glucose (sugar) C6H12O6, in Digestive system

Inhales Oxygen (O2), in Respiratory system

Mitochondria Produces & Exhales & Generates

Produces H2O vapor

Exhales CO2.

& Generates ATP

Cellular Respiration Equation

Glucose + Oxygen (to) H2O+CO2+Energy (ATP)

Aerobic Respiration: Uses _____ to create ________. ______ activity uses aerobic respiration. ______ O2 available. Leads to ______ ATP generated.

• Oxygen

• ATP/Energy

• Light

• Sufficient

• Maximum

Anaerobic Respiration: Creating ATP ______ Oxygen. Occurs during _____ levels of activity. _______ O2 available. = ___ ATP made. _____________ begins.

• WITHOUT

• PEAK

• INSUFFICIENT

• LESS

• LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

Lactic Acid Fermentation beginning (3)

• Lactic acid builds up in muscles

• Muscle fatigue results

• Soreness sets in.

Blood vessels in aerobic respiration have _______O2 compared to blood vessels in Anaerobic respiration.

MORE

Fast Twitch: Contract ______. _______ in diameter. ______ packed myofibrils. _______ mitochondria. Produces ____________________. Uses up energy _____ = _____ rapidly. Enters ______ respiration quickly.

• Quickly

• Larger

• Densely

• Powerful Contractions

• Fast

• Fatigue

• Anaerobic

Slow Twitch: Take ________ longer to contract. _____ the diameter of fast twitch. Contracts for ___________ of time. Sustained in _______ respiration longer.

• 3 Times

• HALF

• extended periods

• Aerobic

Slow twitch has _____________

MORE CAPILLARIES=More blood=More oxygen.

All muscles have a ________ of slow and fast twitch fibers.

Combination

_______ determine how many of each you have for each muscle.

Genetics.

_________ (small damage to the fibers) causes muscle fibers to _______ & become wider & stronger.

• Microfractures

• Rebuild

Twitch

INVOLUNTARY Contraction & relaxation of a muscle fiber.

Twitch Causes (4)

• Fatigue

• Low electrolytes/diet

• stress

• caffeine

Cramp

SUSTAINED contraction

Cramp Causes (4)

• Dehydration

• Fatigue

• Low electrolytes / diet

• Overexertion