SAS 17,22 (Mood Disorders, Substance Abuse)

bipolar disorder

involves extreme mood swings between mania, hypomania, depression

mania

Very high energy, irritability, rapid speech, impulsiveness, and decreased need for sleep.

hypomania

Similar to mania but less severe and without psychotic features.

depression

Marked by sadness, hopelessness, low energy, and loss of interest in daily activities.

bipolar I

Characterized by at least one severe manic episode. May or may not include severe depressive episodes.

bipolar II

Involves at least one hypomanic episode and one severe depressive episode.

mood stabilizers (lithium)

meds for bipolar disorder?

cyclothymic disorder

A milder form of mood disorder with short episodes of hypomania and mild depression. These mood swings occur over a period (typically within 2 months) with periods of stability in between.

mood stabilizers (lithium)

meds for cyclothymic disorder?

dysthymic disorder (persistent depressive disorder)

A long-term, mild depression lasting at least 2 years (1 year in children). The symptoms are chronic but might not be severe enough to disrupt daily life dramatically.

psychotherapy (talk therapy)

treatment for dysthymic disorder?

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Characterized by a period of intense depression lasting at least 2 weeks.

SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft); ECT; psychotherapy

meds and treatment for MDD?

substance abuse

Continued use of a substance despite knowing it negatively impacts health and daily activities.

polysubstance abuse

abuse of more than one substance

substance dependence

persistent use of alcohol or psychoactive drugs despite problems caused by such use

tolerance

decreased response to a drug that occurs with repeated use

withdrawal

an uncomfortable syndrome that occurs when tissue and blood levels of the abused substance heavily over prolonged period

intoxication

a reversible, substance-specific syndrome caused by ingestion of or exposure to that substance

detoxification

the process of safely withdrawing from a substance

addiction

A psychiatric disorder where a person is psychologically dependent on a substance.

alcohol dependence disorder

Chronic, heavy alcohol use with tolerance and withdrawal.

amphetamine abuse disorder

abuse of stimulants for energy, euphoria

Anxiolytic, Hypnotic, Sedative Dependent Disorder

Dependence on medications like benzodiazepines.

cannabis abuse disorder

Problematic use of marijuana affecting memory, motivation , and coordination.

cocaine abuse disorder

Use of cocaine produces intense euphoria, increased energy, and alertness.

hallucinogen abuse disorder

Involves substances like LSD or psilocybin causing altered perceptions.

inhalant abuse disorder

Involves sniffing volatile substances (e.g., glue, gasoline) for a quick high.

nicotine dependent disorder

Addiction to nicotine, primarily through tobacco products.

opioid dependent disorder

Dependence on opioids (e.g., heroin, prescription pain relievers).

serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine

neurotransmitters that are imbalanced in depression?

1.5 mEq.L and above

toxic levels of lithium?

Naloxone (Narcan)

drug of choice for opioid toxicity

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

prescribed to help deter clients from drinking

methadone

used as substitute for heroin in some maintenance programs

naltrexone

used to treat overdose in opioids