US History Unit 1

Virginia colony

Characterized by single men, single economy, with the purpose of entrepreneurship

New England colony

Characterized by families, mixed economy, with the purpose of religious liberty

Patriots

Typically merchants who wanted political and economic freedom

Loyalist

Valued British status and loyalty to the Church of England as well as the Crown

Conservatives on the "Right"

Typically pro-business, wanting freedom in the economy, but government control in personal matters to defend "Traditional values"

Liberals on the "Left"

Typically want freedom in the personal matters to support diversity, but government control in the economy with a safety net for disadvantaged

Puritan

A Christian group that become very legalistic / moralistic, using the Bible for merely educational purposes

2nd Great Awakening

Religious revival from 1820 - 1840 creating new denominations (Methodist / Baptists), especially rejecting predestination (anti-Calvinist)

Manifest Destiny

Religious justification for taking land

Bear Flag Revolt

CA becomes US territory

Mexican-American War

Broke out over the issue of annexing Texas and spreading slavery

Republican Motherhood

The belief that women should stay home as the moral guardians of family life

Nativism

Favoring the interests and culture of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants

KKK

Those who were those who violently opposed Reconstruction?

Reconstruction

The readmission of southern states to the Union

Veto

How Andrew Johnson responded to Congresses Reconstruction bills

John Brown

An abolitionists that killed pro-slavery men

Preserve the Union

The North's original intent of the Civil War

First Great Awakening

Unified the colonists, was the first time colonists were called Americans, and made people question authority and be personally accountable

Enlightenment

All human problems can be solved by human reason

Republican government

Government with a constitution and representatives

Popular sovereignty

Founding principle enshrined in the Constitution that voters would decide measures

13th Amendment

Outlawed slavery

14th Amendment

Redefined Citizenship to include African-Americans

15th Amendment

Granted all males the right to vote

Freedmen's Bureau

Taught former slaves to read and farm

Temperance movement

Supported by women and factory owners

Abolition movement

Met with violent opposition as they sought to end slavery

Suffrage movement

The "Declaration of Sentiments" written for female voting rights

Trail of Tears

Where four thousand Cherokee died in a forced march compelled by federal troops

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Intensified the debate on slavery, as African Americans were not considered citizens and Congress did not have the power to ban slavery

Sharecropping

"Virtual slavery" after the Civil War, making blacks and poor whites in debt to the land they worked

New York

A middle colony that had a mixed economy and no official state religion

Underground Railroad

A network to help slaves escape from the South

The Sons of Liberty

A group of Patriots who embraced a more aggressive approach against taxation

Factory system

Emerged in America causing families separate as gender roles became established

African American

Embraced the 2nd Great Awakening finding hope in the Bible

Fugitive Slave Act

A law that Northerners resented, because they were legally forced to support slavery

Bleeding Kansas

The event when abolitionist, John Brown, killed several pro-slavery men

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel that put a human face to slavery

Triangular Slave Trade

Manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, slaves from Africa to Americas and raw materials from Americas to Europe

Western Civilization

Shared heritage of Independence, freedom, entrepreneurship, capitalism, competition

Eastern Civilization

Shared heritage of harmony, balance, respect, family, spirits...

Spanish conquest

Force labor and conversion (religion) of natives

French conquest

Trade partners with natives and mixed religion

Frontier of Exclusion

The English unofficial policy of isolating in commerce and religion from the Native Americans

Democrats 1828 (Left)

State right champions for the common man, in support of progressive Universal male suffrage

Republicans 1854

Platform to limit the spread of slavery, but support from northern manufacturing

Federalists Party (Right)

Late 1700's, Supported by Bankers, Manufacturers, Commercial elite, in favor of Expanding federal power