Study Guide Unit 1 US Hist

James Town, Virginia

1st settlement in North America

Tobacco

Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown

James Oglethorpe

Founder of the Georgia colony

Lord Baltimore

Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. .

Georgia

Massachusetts Bay Colony

One of the first settlements in New England; was established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center and absorbed the Plymouth community

Quaker colony

Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn

Maryland

Shay's Rebellion

a series of violent attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts because of the debt crisis

Philidelphia Convention

known as the constitutional convention, of 1778, meeting to address problems following independence from Britain

Great Compromise

1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise resolved that there would be a representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate. Each state, regardless of size, would have 2 senators.

Three branches of government

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

High Tariffs

Levied against imported and manufactured goods, once again hurting the South and the economy to raise money for the federal government and help Northern industries.

Low Tariffs

allows for greater amount of trade between countries, but often at the expense of the domestic traders. The consumers are happy to have access to many goods at low prices.

Andrew Jackson

7th president of the US, Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. First to be elected in the west (Tennesse)

John C. Calhoun

In 1828, he lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically. Created the doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional. This situation became known as the Nullification Crisis.

House of Representatives

the lower legislative house of the United States Congress

Senate

A council of representatives

Election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain)

No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."

Election of 1828: Jackson

Jackson soundly defeated John Quincy Adams

Lousiana Purchase

Land purchased from France doubling the size of the U.S.

James Monroe

(1817-1821) and (1821-1825) The Missouri Compromise in 1821., the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas

Henry Clay

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Bread Colonies

Produced massive amounts of grain. Included New York, New Jersey, New England, and Pennsylvania. A nickname for the middle colonies because their main export was grain.

Roger Sherman

proposed the Great Compromise

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)

In 1828, during President John Quincy Adams' term, Congress created a new tariff law which pleased northern manufacturers, but alienated southern planters. (p. 194)

seceded

to break away

Manifest Destiny

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Where was Lincoln shot and by who

On April 14, 1865, Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth, while attending Petersen House, Washington, D.C.

What law did Andrew Jackson violate

Jackson backed an Indian removal bill in Congress. Members of Congress like Davy Crockett argued that Jackson violated the Constitution by refusing to enforce treaties that guaranteed Indian land rights. But Congress passed the removal law in the spring of 1830.

Who was the president of the 2nd bus

The reputation of the Second BUS improved under the able management of its president, Nicholas Biddle, from 1822 to 1836.

Why did Andrew Jackson destroy the Bank of the United States?

Their rationale was that Biddle had used the Bank's resources to support Jackson's political opponents in the 1824 and 1828 elections, and additionally, that Biddle might induce a financial crisis in retaliation for Jackson's veto and reelection.

What was the Sears, Roebuck Co Company?

Sears, Roebuck, and Co gave Blacks the chance to be able to purchase resources that White male story owners would not let Blacks have.

What happened after Jackson destroyed the National Bank?

In 1833, Jackson retaliated against the bank by removing federal government deposits and placing them in "pet" state banks (the U.S went into a panic)