ES TERRESTRIAL BIOMES

tundra shift

shrinking

desert shift

expanding

other biomes shift

north

tropical rainforest - rainfall

highest annually (200-400cm per year)

tropical rainforest - temp

warm temps (25- 30 C)

tropical rainforest - humidity

high humidity → low daily temp fluctuation

tropical rainforest - soil

least fertile - rapid absorption by plants

desert - rainfall

very low (< 25 cm per year)

desert - temp

high year round

desert - humidity

low → high day/night temp fluctuations

desert - soil

sandy or rocky soil with low fertility

desert - plants

cacti, succulents, waxy/small leaves

desert - animals

nocturnal, burrowing

tropical grassland - rainfall

distinct wet and dry seasons

tropical grassland - temp

warm temp year-round

tropical grassland - soil

moderately fertile, clay-rich soil (contains moisture longer)

tropical grassland - plants

scattered trees → competition for water

tropical grassland - animals

large migratory grazers → follow seasonal rainfall

temperate grassland - rainfall

moderate precipitation (25-75 cm)

temperate grassland - temp

cold winters, warm summers

temperate grassland - soil

most fertile soil → ideal for crops

temperate grassland - plants

shrubs/trees

temperate grassland - animals

bison, gazelles

temperate seasonal (deciduous) forest - rainfall

moderate to high precipitation (75-150 cm)

temperate seasonal (deciduous) forest - temp

4 distinct seasons

temperate seasonal (deciduous) forest - soil

2nd most fertile soil → seasonal leaf litter

temperate seasonal (deciduous) forest - plants

boradleaf deciduous trees (oak,maple)

temperate seasonal (deciduous) forest - animals

squirrels → seasonal behaviors like migration

taiga - rainfall

moderate precipitation (40-100cm), mostly snow

taiga - temp

long, cold winters, and short, mild summers

taiga - soil

low to moderately fertile and acidic (pine needle)

taiga - plants

coniferous trees (spruce, fir, pine)

taiga - animals

moose, caribou, elk → thick fur, fat storage, and hibernation

tundra - rainfall

low precipitation (cold desert)

tundra - temp

long, harsh winters and short, cool growing season

tundra - soil

thermafrost prevents deep roots (no trees) → low fertility soil

tundra - plants

low growing plants → mosses, lichens, and dwarf shrubs

tundra - animals

polar bear, artic fox → white thick fur, fat storage, and seasonal behaviors

temperate rainforest - rainfall

high precipitation (200-300 cm/year)

temperate rainforest - temp

ocean air moderates temp, winters mild and summers cool

temperate rainforest - soil

nutrient-rich from slow steady composition

temperate rainforest - plants

towering conifers, mosses, ferns, and lichen

temperate rainforest - animals

bears, wolves, cougars

chaparral (scrubland) - temp

hot, dry summers, and mild, wet winters

chaparral (scrubland) - soil

rocky, fast-draining soil → prone to erosion

chaparral (scrubland) - plants

drought and fire-adapted shrubs

chaparral (scrubland) - location

temperate rainforest - location

tundra - location

taiga - location

temperate seasonal (deciduous) forest - location

temperate grassland - location

tropical grassland - location

desert - location

tropical rainforest - location