Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Indicators

radical reaction

radical reaction

reagent: Br2, Cl2

reactant: any C-H bond

allylic bromination

reactant: Alkene

reagent: N-boromosucciminde (NBS)

reggional chemical addition

reactant: alkene

reagent: ROOR

anti markonivick addition that results in least subsiituted product

hydration addition

Electrophile: H20 or other strong acids

solvent: h20

product: alkanbe

reactant: more substituted alcohol

hydrohalogenation addtion

electrophile: H-X, or strong acid

solvebet: CH2Cl2

reactant: alkene

product: more subsiitude alkly halide

hydrogenation addition

electrophile: H2. D2

Catalyst: pt or Pd

solvent: Ch3OH

productL alkane

halogenation

electrophile: X2

solvent: Ch2Cl (does not partipate in rxn)

product: vicinal dihalide

reactant: alkene

epoxidation

electrophile: mCPBA

solvent: Ch3Cl

product: functional group: 3 membered ring ether

Peroxide reagent: RCOOH

UNDER BASIC CONDITIONS: ring shape retians

UNDER ACIDIC CONDITIONS: ring shape breaks

halohydrin

electrophile: X2

solvent: h2o

reacant: alkene

product: Vicinal haloalchohol (Oh is more sub)

hydroboration

electrophile: BH3 THG

Solvent: THF

step 2:

electrophile: product of step 1

Nuc: H2O2, NaOH
Solvent: H20

product: Lesser sub alchol

oxidative cleavge

electrophile: KMnO4, O3

Base: NaOH

Solvent: THF:H20, Ch2Cl

temp: warm, or -78C

product: Aldehyde and Ketone

dihydroxylation

Step 1: Electrophile: OsO4

Solvent: THF, H2O, TBuOH

St2: reducant: NaHSo3

solvent: H2o

occurs in cold environments

product: 1,2 Vcinial Diol

cyclopropantion

regaents: CHX3, ICH2ZnL

=, CH2N2

solvent: TBuOH

generated Carbenes

product: Carbnoids

E1

Base: Weak, small (H2So4)

Solvent: H2O

product: substituted Alkene

Reactant: Alkane

E2

Base: Strong (NaOch3) (NaOEt)

Solvent: CH3OH

product: Least subsituted alkene

reactant: alkanae

SN2

Electrophile: weak base (strong conju acid), big atomic radii (I, Br, Cl, F, OH-)

Nuc: Strong base, M+ Nu, has a negative chaarge (OH-), Anionic

→ NCN

Solvent: polar aprotic (DMSO< DMF< Acetone< ACN)

inversion of sterochemistry

SN1

leaving group (electrophile): strong Br or Cl

Nucleophile: Ok, no negative charge

→ EtOH, Ch3OH

solvent: EtoH, H2O