6.3 New Imperialism in Africa

Africa in 1800s (Before)

Instability and divided states caused by Gun-Slave cycle, Colonies - Mainly coastal trade posts, with few settler colonies

What caused the expansion of European Imperialism in Africa?

New Technologies, Compete with other European Countries, Economic incentive, To Spread Civilization ( White Man's Burden)

New technologies

Quinone (Malaria Medicine) and steam boats

Economic Incentive

Access to new markets (Suez Canal) and resources (Palm Oil, Rubber, Gold, Diamonds)

Spread Civilization (White Man's Burden)

To end the slave trade and (end) piracy

Europe in Africa (19th Century)

Attempt to end the slave trade after 1807, End Muslim piracy in the Mediterranean sea, European explorers and missionaries discover new resources

How did Africa respond to the European expansion of Imperialism?

Modernization, Cooperation vs Military Resistance

Otto von Bismarck

Created/Led the Berlin Conference to control the balance of power in Europe by settling colonial disputes in Africa

How did the Berlin Conference achieve its goals?

It set rules that countries could only conquer in Africa what was sectioned to them in the Berlin Conference

What were the results of the Berlin Conference?

Leaders create superimposed boundaries in Africa, then send armies to conquer those areas, Disruption to Traditional Societies, States, and Culture ][ 1880: 10% under European Control, 1914: 100% under European control

Suez Canal

Shortened travel time from the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean Ocean in half, Shared between Britain and France

Cape to Cairo Plan

British plan to control Africa from the Cape of South Africa to Egypt, via railroad

Egypt as British Protectorate

Imperial Conquest vs Resistance: Mahdist Revolt (1881-1897)

Imperial Conquest (Britain v Egypt)

1875: Britain buys MAJORITY shares of the Suez Canal, 1883: Revolt -> Britain wants to protect economic interests so, Egypt as Protectorate

Mahdist Revolt

(1881-1897) Religious Nationalism -> Muhammed Achmad (the Mahdi) overthrowing Egypt government + British forces -> Creation of Islamic State in Sudan

What caused the end of the Mahdist Revolt?

By the Battle of Omdurman (1898): Britain + Egypt destroy Mahdist rebels with superior military technology