Bio Chapter 7

energy source of cell

ATP

cellular respiration does what for an organism

harvests energy by oxidizing organic macromolecules like carbohydrates, proteins (food)

4 stages of cellular respiration

glycosis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (ETC)

Oil Rig

Oil (Oxidizes means lose electrons and hydrogens), Rig (Reduced means gains electrons hydrogens)

NAD+ is

oxidized

NADH is

reduced

glucose (C6H12O6) is _____ into CO2

oxidized

Oxygen (O2) is _____ to H2O

reduced

electron carriers

NADH, FADH

glycolysis happens in the _____ and is a ______ process

cytoplasm, anaerobic

mitochondria’s matrix

both the _______ and _____ ______ happen in the mitochondria’s matrix

pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle

oxidative phosphorylation happens in the

mitochondria’s inner membrane

glycosis and citric acid cycle are both _______ and make a _____ of ATP

substrate level phorylation, little

pyruvate oxidation makes ____ ATP

no

oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) makes __ ___ ATP

the most

Glycolysis

glucose is broken down to pyruvate. inputs are glucose, ADP, Pi, NAD. outputs are ATP, pyruvate, NADH

3 phases of glycolysis

prep (consumption of ATP), cleavage (glucose splits), payoff (makes 4 ADP, 2 NADH)

Pyruvate oxidation

pyruvate is converted to Acetylene-CoA which makes NADH and CO2. inputs pyruvate, NAD, Coenzyme A. outputs Acetylene-CoA, NADH, CO2

Citric acid cycle

Acetylene-CoA enters the cycle, produces ATP, NADH, and CO2. inputs Acetylene-CoA, NAD, FAD, ADP, Pi. outputs Coenzyme A, CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP

oxidative phosphorylation (Electron transport chain)

NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to ETC which leads to ATP synthesis. electrons in ETC flow downhill and release energy which pumps H+ into inter membrane. potential energy from this drives ATP synthase and makes ATP. inputs NADH, FADH2, ADP, Pi, oxygen. outputs NAD, FAD (to be reused), ATP, H2O

ultimate electron acceptor

oxygen

only ____ can happen if no oxygen

glycolysis

fermentation

absence of oxygen, inputs pyruvate, NADH. outputs, NAD, lactic acid

Phosphofructokinase-1

enzyme in glycolysis that either can active or inhibit the stage if there’s a lack of ATP or overabundance of ATP