Central Nervous System and Brain Development-5

This set of flashcards covers key terms and concepts related to the central nervous system and brain development as learned in the lecture.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Cephalization

Increased number of neurons developing from the anterior portion of the CNS leading to a complex brain structure.

Neural Tube

Embryonically, the brain and spinal cord begin as a neural tube that divides into primary brain vesicles.

Forebrain

Also known as proencephalon, it divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon.

Midbrain

Also known as mesencephalon, remains undivided in development.

Hindbrain

Also known as rhombencephalon, it divides into the metencephalon and myelencephalon.

Telencephalon

Gives rise to the two cerebral hemispheres that make up the cerebrum.

Diencephalon

Becomes the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and retina.

Ventricles

Fluid-filled chambers in the brain connected with the central canal of the spinal cord, lined with ependymal cells.

Gyri and Sulci

Ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere.

Fissures

Deep grooves in the brain; the longitudinal fissure separates the two hemispheres.

Somatosensory Cortex

Located in the parietal lobe, allows for spatial discrimination of tactile stimuli.

Motor Cortex

Located in the posterior part of the frontal lobe and controls voluntary movement.

Premotor Cortex

Controls learned motor skills and coordinates movements.

Wernicke's Area

Part of the posterior association area involved in language comprehension.

Cerebral Dominance

Refers to the hemisphere that is dominant for language, typically the left hemisphere.