Micro Final Exam Portage Learning

Which of the following are considered Protista? Select all that apply.

Amoeba

Algae

Yeast

Bacteria

Amoeba & Algae

A virus is considered a microrganism

False

What is the smallest biological unit of life?

Cell

All cells are comprised of what?

Macromolecules (proteins, ccarbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids)

True or False: A defining characteristic of Protista is the inability of colonies to form tissue layers.

True

Which of the following are eukarya?

Animaliae

Plantae

Fungi

Protista

All of the above

Define anabolism

The process of building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from small molecular units into much larger complexes.

In order to convert proteins into amino acids which metabolic process would be active?

Catabolism as proteins must be broken down into amino acids.

How many amino acids are essential?

20

In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur ______________

in the membrane

The function of the ribosome is (select all that apply):

Lipid synthesis

Protein Synthesis

Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes

Protein modification and distribution

To produce energy ATP

Protein Synthesis

Identify the following cellular components by matching the number with the description.

1) Nucleus

2) Lysosome

3) Plasma Membrane

4) Golgi Aparatus

5) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The combination of the cell membrane and the outer membrane is referred to as the (select all that apply)

Cell Wall

Outer leaflet

Cell envelope

Capsid

Cell envelope

The function of the Golgi is (select all that apply):

Lipid synthesis

Protein modification and distribution

Protein synthesis

To produce energy

Waste disposal via hydrolytic enzymes

Protein modification and distribution

True of False. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are heterotropic.

True

What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle? Select all that apply.

FADH2

FAD

NADH

NAD+

FADH2

NADH

In the absence of glucose, which of the following cannot be used as alternative energy sources? Select all that apply.

Carbohydrates

Lactose

Fatty acid chains

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

True or False. The β-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids.

True

True or False. Plants, algae and bacteria all contain chloroplasts.

False

The process of photophosphorylation produces which of the following: select all that apply.

NADPH

H20

ATP

CO2

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

NADPH

ATP

In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?

Membrane

True or False: The Calvin cycle must occur in the absence of light.

False

True or False: The distinguishing characteristic of Gram-Negative bacteria is the presence of LPS in the outer membrane.

True

True or False: If you wish to study the motility of an organism you cannot heat fix, but you can chemically fix the specimen.

False both heat and chemical will kill the cell

You want to observe the size and shape of a cell. What is the easiest staining technique that you could perform? Name at least one dye you would use during this process.

Simple stain and I would use crystal violet

You suspect a patient may have TB. Once a sample has been obtained, it is sent off to the lab for an acid-fast stain. If the patient were infected with TB, describe what you would expect to see on the stained slide.

Red Cells on a blue background

True or False: A Giemsa stain can be used to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria.

True

Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the following image and explain your choice (A).

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

This shows a 2D image of the internal structure, which is only shown by TEM.

Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the following image and explain your choice (B).

Scanning electron microscope and we can tell based on the trademark shell that is shown in the 20 nm image.

True or False. The purpose of a quadrant streak is to produce individual colonies of a bacterial population.

True

A dilution gradient is formed when carrying out what generalize plating strategy?

Phase-Dilution streak

In what phase of a dilution streak would you expect to find the highest concentration of bacteria, P2 or P4?

P2

True or False. When performing a dilution streak a new (or sterilized) loop is not required for each phase as long as the bacterial culture is pure.

False

The number of phases (3 vs. 4) and/or the number of times a loop passes through a previous phase (once vs. multiple times) is acceptable provided what happens?

The resulting gradient has in it the growth of individual colonies.

True or False. To restrict the growth of a pathogenic microbe a researcher might decrease an incubator from 37°C to 25°C.

True

When given an unknown bacterial sample the first step is to expand the current bacterial population. Which form of media best suites this need? Why?

LB media because all of the other forms are selective media meaning they may potentially inhibit the growth of the unknown sample.

True or False. Only directly ingesting the pre-formed clostridium toxin (neither the bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults.

True

True or False. There are currently no cures for tetanus.

True

The alpha-toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical condition caused by Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria?

Gas gangrene

Tetanus

Leprosy

Botulism

Gas gangrene

True or False. Bubonic plague is often characterized by painfully swollen lymph nodes.

True

List the following disease:

Anthrax

True or False. Chlyamida is an obligate parasite and as such can be grown on agar plates alone.

False

True or False. Similar to chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles can cover the entire body.

False

What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26, 1977) to be officially declared eradicated?

Smallpox also known as variola virus

By whom and where was the first polio vaccine developed?

By Jonas Stalk at the University of Pittsburgh

A drug company is trying to develop a new drug that will inhibit viral entry of Influenza. Would the drug company target hemagglutinin proteins or neuraminidase proteins? Why?

Hemagglutinins because hemagglutinins are involved in entry of viral particle into a host's cell. Whereas, neuraminidase is involved in budding and relase of the new viral particles from the host cell.

True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is dumbbell shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24.

False

What small (~30nm) single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus targets the CNS (central nervous system), causing potentially catastrophic damage to motor neurons?

Polio (poliomyelitis)