Biomechanics

What is displacement

Objects overall change in position (Final position - starting position)

What is distance

Overall length of space travelled

What is velocity

The rate at which an object changes in position. How fast an object’s displacement changes. (V=d/t) v=velocity d=displacement t=time

What is speed

The distance travelled per unit of time. s=d/t speed=distance/time

What is acceleration

The rate of change of velocity per unit of time. (how much an object is speeding up or slowing down) Speeding up = positive acceleration slowing down = negative acceleration constant speed = 0 acceleration

Relationship between acceleration and velocity

If velocity is increasing really quickly, this is represented by a high acceleration. If velocity is increasing really slowly, this is reflected in a low acceleration

List all the types of motion

Linear (rectilinear and curvilinear) Angular

what is motion

Motions occurs as a result of a force, and we describe it using words such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration

Linear motion

Motion that travels in a line

Rectilinear motion

Motion that travels in a straight line (sprinter running 100m)

Curvilinear motion

Curved line (ball travelling through the air when throwing)

Angular motion

Rotary motion. Motion around a fixed point or axis of rotation can be an exterior or interior point. (Diver front flipping a pool (interior point)) (Gymnast doing a rotation on the bar (exterior point))

general motion

Combination of different types of motions (throwing a rugby ball moves through a curvilinear motion and ball spins (angular motion)

Angular displacement

The change in angle between an object in motion and a central fixed point at the centre of a circle, between the initial and final positions (used to determine optimal angles of displacement for different sports

Angular velocity

The velocity at which an angle changes from its starting position to its finishing position. The bigger the circle the object is moving in the faster the object is moving. (this is because the object covers more distance for the same angle)

What is a projectile

an object in motion that travels a parabolic path

What is a trajectory

a parabolic path a projectile follows

What are the two components projectile motion can be broken down into ?

Vertical and horizontal

the distance the ball will travel is dependant on…

The angle of release

The height of release

The speed of release

How do you achieve maximum horizontal distance of a projectile

Increasing the velocity of release (applying more force, faster = further)

Increase the height of release (more time to fall, More time to travel)

Releasing at optimal angle of release (for distance release at 45˚ but this can vary for different sports)

What is height of release

The distance in height between the release point and landing point of the projectile. The greater the height the projectile is released the greater the horizontal distance as it takes longer to reach the ground

what is angle of release

the angle between horizontal (0˚) and vertical (90˚) that the projectile is released into the environment. Aim for 45˚ but this can vary

Velocity/speed of release

Speed/velocity of release has the most significant effect on horizontal distance thus aim to maximise

The velocity/speed with which the projectile is moving at the point of release

what are the 3 types of motion

Genera, angular, linear

what is the optimal angle for horizontal distance

45˚ but varies

Why can the optimal angle vary

The height of release, if the projectile is released higher than it lands, the time for the projectile to reach its peak is less than the time it takes to land

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When the projectile is released from a lower position at which it lands, the time for the projectile to reach its peak is greater than the time it takes to land.

What is the most important factor in maximum horizontal distance

speed/velocity of release