Cells & Genetics Unit 5 Study Guide A

What is any change in DNA, the genetic material of a cell? (Vocabulary Lesson 11)

Mutation

What is anything in the environment that causes a change in DNA? (Vocabulary Lesson 11)

Mutagen

What is a group of diseases in which cells divide uncontrollably? (Vocabulary Lesson 11)

Cancer

What is an individual who has only one recessive allele for a genetic disorder and therefore carries but does not have the disorder? (Vocabulary Lesson 11)

Genetic carrier

What is an experimental technology that adds a healthy allele to a person's cells to treat a genetic disorder? (Vocabulary Lesson 12)

Gene therapy

What is an organism whose genes have been changed by genetic engineering? (Vocabulary Lesson 12)

Genetically modified organism

What is a technology in which a gene is intentionally modified to change an organism's traits? (Vocabulary Lesson 12)

Genetic engineering

What is a technique in which organisms with desired traits are selected and bred with each other so that they will pass on those traits to their offspring? (Vocabulary Lesson 12)

Selective breeding

What might happen when a gene gets a mutation that changes the structure of a protein? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 2)

The function of the protein could change.

How does a cell usually respond to a mutation in a gene? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 3)

The cell repairs the mutated gene.

What might happen when a mutation occurs outside of a gene? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 4)

Mutations that occur outside of a gene will most likely not affect any traits.

When is a mutation most likely to occur? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 5)

When a cell is preparing to divide

Which of these is not likely to be a mutagen? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 7)

A damaged cell

What happens to cells when an organism gets cancer? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 8)

The cells divide uncontrollably.

What happens when a mutation is considered to be neutral? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 9)

The mutation does not negatively impact the the organism's survival.

What happens to an organism when it has a harmful mutation? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 10)

The organism will have a harder time surviving or reproducing.

Which of these is an example of a beneficial mutation? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 11)

A mutation causes a lizard's coat to blend into its environment.

What natural mutation was discovered in grapefruit in 1929 that changed the grapefruit market? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 13)

A farmer found a grapefruit with a mutation that caused a sweeter taste and red color.

Which of these is an example of a harmful mutation? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 12)

A mutation causes a flower to change a scent that discourage insects from eating it.

In what way(s) has the technique of intentionally causing mutations in crops been used? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 14)

It has been used to make crops more resistant to disease.

What is a benefit engineers have seen as a result of improving the mutation process? (Lesson 11 Game Question # 15)

Engineers do not need to grow seeds into adulthood in order to identify the mutations.

Selective breeding is also known as (Lesson 12 Game Question # 2)

Artificial selection

How does selective breeding lead to the breeding of domesticated dogs? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 3)

People killed off aggressive wolf populations and trained and bred friendlier wolves.

How has animal husbandry been affected by selective breeding? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 4)

Most farm animals have been selectively bred for the resources or food they provide.

How has selective breeding changed the way that industries work? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 5)

Industries are built on charging for animals with the most desirable traits.

Which of these is true of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 7)

GMOs are used in research, GMOs are organisms that often contain a gene or genes from another organism, FMOs are organisms whose genes have been changed by genetic engineering (all of the above)

Why are GMOs controversial? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 8)

GMOs are a new technology, and people worry about the long term consequences of their existence.

What is the benefit of using an "empty virus" to treat a diseased allele? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 14)

An empty virus can easily insert DNA into a cell.

What is one problem with using gene therapy as a cure for all genetic disorders? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 15)

Gene therapy is a limited technique and only works for a few disorders.

What factors should society consider when using genetic modification technologies? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 18)

The value of the technology, the future needs of humans, the beliefs of society (all of the above)

What does history show us about the future of science? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 19)

Science will change as society's needs and values change.

Who determines whether GMOs, gene therapy, and future genetic engineering techniques should be used? (Lesson 12 Game Question # 20)

Society as a whole

Do all mutations change proteins and traits? (Lesson 11 Key Science Concept)

No

When mutations do change traits, what had to change first? (Lesson 11 Key Science Concept)

The protein

Where do offspring sometimes inherit their harmful mutations from? (Lesson 11 Key Science Concept)

Their parents

What type of mutation decreases an organism's chance of survival or reproduction? (Lesson 11 Key Science Concept)

Harmful mutations

What type of mutation increases an organism's chance of survival or reproduction? (Lesson 11 Key Science Concept)

Beneficial or helpful mutations

What type of mutation has little or no affect on an organism's chance of survival or reproduction? (Lesson 11 Key Science Concept)

Neutral mutations

What is step 1 in the engineering process? (Lesson 12 Key Science Concept)

Define the problem.

What is step 4 in the engineering process? (Lesson 12 Key Science Concept)

Evaluate the solutions based on how well they meet the criteria and constraints.

What is step 2 in the engineering process? (Lesson 12 Key Science Concept)

Identify criteria and constraints for the solutions.

What is step 3 in the engineering process? (Lesson 12 Key Science Concept)

Design and test possible solutions.