Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy (1793-1860)

Cotton Kingdom

a term that refers to the economic and cultural region in the Southern US that became heavily dependent on cotton production in early to mid-19th century

• plantation agriculture relied heavily on enslaved labor

• entrenched institution of slavery

slavery, North, South, states’

The Cotton Kingdom’s dependence on ? led to tensions between the ? and ?

• Also influenced significant debates over ? rights

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 that portrayed the brutal realities of enslaved life

• became a cultural phenomenon

• race, morality, and humans rights

slavery, Abolitionist, backlash

Uncle’s Tom’s Cabin significantly shaped the public perception of ? in the US

• Helped the growing ? Movement in the North

• Generated ? from the South

Black Belt

A region in the deep south known for high concentrations of enslaved African Americans and fertile, black soil that was ideal for cotton production

• synonymous with plantation agriculture

• Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana

tensions, Civil War

The Black Belt’s economic interests with slaves created political ? that escalated to the ?

• Cotton was truly king in this area

Turner’s Rebellion

A significant slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831, led by Nat Turner, an enslaved African American

• Series of violent attacks against white plantation owners and their families

• Rooted in religious beliefs and a desire for freedom

• Ultimately struck down within a few days

defensive, tightened, morality

Turner’s Rebellion caused the South to become increasingly ? about slavery

• slave codes were ?

• national debate on the ? of slavery was intensified

American Colonization Society

An organization founded in 1816 that sought to resettle free African Americans in Africa (Liberia)

• believed African Americans just couldn’t live peacefully with whites

freedom, racial

The American Colonization Society’s efforts was actually able to move a good number of African Americans

• reflected the attitudes towards ? in antebellum America

• reflected the era’s ? attitudes

The Liberator

An anti-slavery newspaper edited by prominent American abolitionist and journalist William Lloyd Garrison

• Advocated for immediate emancipation of enslaved individuals

• Fierce rhetoric and moral clarity

abolitionist, justice

The Liberator significantly aided in spreading ? sentiments, impacting the future of social ?

American Anti-Slavery Society

A national organization founded in 1833 dedicated to the abolition of slavery in the US

• response to the institution of slavery

• attracted both black and white abolitionists

abolitionist, civil rights

The American Anti-Slavery Society was critical in mounting support for the ? movement

• influenced future ? movements

David Walker

An African American abolitionist who created a pamphlet in 1829 called Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

• argued freedom and equality are fundamental rights

fear, fervor, black

David Walker inspired both ? among slaveholders in the South while simultaneously bringing about ? among abolitionists in the North

• represented early expressions of ? nationalism

Sojourner Truth

An African American abolitionist and women’s rights activist born into slavery in New York

• powerful speaker and advocator

• intersected oppressions of race and gender

• Extremely famous speech “Ain’t I a Woman?”

slavery, equality

Sojourner Truth raised significant awareness on the injustices of ? and ? for women

• contributed heavily to civil rights and social justice

Mason-Dixie Line

A demarcated boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland that is symbolic of the cultural and political divide between Northern free states and Southern slave states in antebellum US

• Surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon

sectionalism, polarization

The Mason-Dixie Line represented ? and contributed to continuing ? between the North and South