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Nile
River flowing north in Egypt
Delta
Area around the mouth of the Nile with rich soil
Cataracts
Rapids in the Nile in Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt
Southern area of Egypt
Lower Egypt
Northern area of Egypt, contains the Nile delta
Sinai Peninsula
Land connecting Africa to Asia (Mesopotamia)
Sahara
Desert west of Egypt, acts as a barrier
Thebes
Last capital of Egypt
Pharaoh
God-king of Egypt
Pyramids
Tombs for the Pharaohs
Book of the dead
Guide for souls through the afterlife
Hieroglyphics
Pictographic writing system used to record history
Old Kingdom
Period in Egypt known as the Pyramid Age
Middle Kingdom
Period in Egypt known as the Transitional Period
New Kingdom
Period in Egypt known as the Age of Pharaohs
Theocracy
Government where the ruler is both a political and religious leader
Nubia
Kingdom in the Upper Nile region
Kush
Alternate name for the Nubians
Menes/Narmer
First pharaoh who united Upper and Lower Egypt
Ahmose
Egyptian queen who defeated the Hyskos
Hatshepsut
Egyptian queen who declared herself pharaoh
Thutmose III
Pharaoh who created Egypt's first empire and conquered Syria
Amenhotep IV/Akhenaton
Pharaoh who started a cult worshiping one god and changed his name
Ziggurat
Religious temple
Stylus
Writing tool used for cuneiform
Solomon
King who united the 12 tribes of Israel
Exile
Period of Jewish enslavement in Babylon
Flax
Plant used for cloth
City-State
Smaller part of a larger civilization
Torah
Holy book of Judaism
10 Commandments
Moral law code
Abraham
Father of Judaism
Moses
Led the Hebrews out of Egypt
Diaspora
Cultural diffusion of Jews around the world
Judaism
First monotheistic religion, followers are called Hebrews
Sumer
First city-state and creator of cuneiform
Babylonia
First code of law (Hammurabi's code)
Phoenicia
First Mediterranean traders and creators of the first alphabet
Akkadians
First empire (Sargon)
Hittites
First ironworkers
Chaldeans
Advanced in astronomy and known for the hanging gardens
Assyrians
Known for military supremacy
Lydians
Creators of the first coins
Mesopotamia
Fertile crescent