AP Wrld Hist Units 1 & 2

Confucianism

A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society and stresses a moral code of conduct. Emphesises hierarchy and education (for men).

Daoism

A religion in China which emphasizes the removal from society and to become one with nature. Counter-confucianism.

Filial Piety

devout honoring of parents/ancestors. obediance to parents/ancestors— its an unquestioned part of Chinese society, tied to Confucianism.

civil service system

a system in which people are trained then appointed/elected. advanced and democratic

Examination System

the exams the men were to go throigh to prove whether or not they could serge the emporor. costly and favored the elites. poor men who were funded could be put through it

Scholar-gentry

the parts of the elite with the vast amounts of wealth and good education. The two were hard to come by, so being in this group was a rare priviledge. Led to more divide among the classes.

Hangzhou

capital of the song dynasty, >1 million in population. markets and performances.

Censorate

a government agency in ancient China responsible for monitoring the actions of government officials and reporting corruption, inefficiency, or misconduct to the emperor

Neo-Confucianism

Based on the teachings of Confucius but included elements of Buddhism and Daoism

Emphasized moral values, the importance of education, and the pursuit of personal and social harmony

Foot Binding

A practice in ancient China where girl's feet were tightly wrapped to prevent natural growth, resulting in tiny, deformed feet. It was seen as a symbol of beauty and status but caused severe health problems for those subjected to it.

Middle Kingdom

a term used in ancient China to refer to China iteself. It conveyed the belief that China was the central and most important civilization in the world, surrounded by other less advanced cultures

tribute system

Countries or states in East Asia would offer gifts and pay tribute to the powerful Chinese emperor as a way to maintain peaceful relations and gain trade and diplomatic privileges

kowtow

kneel and touch one's head to the ground as a sign of deep respect or submission

often used in historical China as a gesture of reverence to a higher authority, like the emperor

Khitan/Jurchen people

ethnic groups from ancient Northeast Asia

The Khitan people are best known for establishing the Liao Dynasty, while the Jurchen people established the Jin Dynasty.

nomadic pastoralism

A way of life where people move from place to place with their livestock, like sheep, goats, or cattle, in search of fresh pasture and water

rely on herding animals for their livelihood

Don't settle in one location for long periods and instead follow the natural cycles of grazing land and water sources to sustain livestock

Turks

Central Asia

"Turks" were pastoral nomads then turned to sedentary farmers, they increase of political power and infused Turkic culture with Islam

Bebers

indigenous ethnic group native to North Africa

Ibn Yasin sparked the influence

converted to Islam

rigorous Christian efforts to conquer a region

Xiongnu

Manchuria -> Central Asia

large military force

centeralized hierarchal political system.

Temujin/Chinggis Khan

Birth name of Genghis Khan

famous and influential Mongol leader who founded the Mongol Empire in the 13 century.

"generous to friends, ruthless to enemies"

Khan

used to reference a mongol ruler, associated with leaders of nomadic or steppe-based socieities

Ulama

someone who passes on teachings, "international elite"

created education system to bond a immense and diverse civilization with advanced teachings of religion

Madrassas

advanced instruction in Quran and sayings of Muhammad

conservative learning and informal

Islamic school

Sufis

spiritual practitioners who had a more personal connection with God

blended Islam

the hajj

"Meccah"

a place that people gather from all over Islam to join together and rehearse

Baghdad

The capital of Islam

House of Wisdom

academic center established in Baghdad, 830. For research and translation. In Abbasid Caliphate. Mongols partially burned House of Wisdom during conquer.

monsoon winds

wind currents in India

blew eastward during summer

blew westward during winter

encouraged and strategized ship building

Straits of Malacca

an all-sea route between India and China. MANY people started to compete in the small ports to attract sailors attention and draw them towards their goods

Lateen Sail

A triangular sail that allowed for more goods to be traded, helps ships to move against the wind

Swahili language

Spoken in East Africa

Grammatically African Tongue, but written in Arabic script

Great Zimbabwe

powerful state connected to growing trade in gold. Peak: 1250-1350. Would construct walls which lay 32ft tall and 16 ft thick.

Brahmim

In Hindu culture it is considered 2nd to highest tier with Gods first

Priests, wealth and power, assertion of

Hinduism

Theravida Buddhism

A teaching of elders that was psychological rather than religious

a major branch of Buddhism

believed Buddha was a very wise teacher and example, but not divine

Mahayana Buddhism

"Great Vehicle" allowing people to cross the river, assistance for voyage

Bhakti Movement

acknowledgment and adoration to a specific diety

songs, prayers, rituals, etc.

Srivijaya Kingdom

the connection between commerce and state. building

dominated a critical point of the Indian Ocean trade

resources: gold, spices, etc.

Angkor Kingdom

Borobudur

process of Buddhism becoming culturally grounded

Jenne-Jeno

independent urban cluster based on trade. located in point at Niger river where goods were shipped from boat to donkey or vice versa

Caravanserai

inn or rest station for caravans across the Sand Roads

Manorial System

a relationship between "peasant" and land

Feudalism

a system of devolved powers and divided hierarchies

Little Ice Age

the turn of Europe's climate and weather becoming icy, cold, wet, and unstable

1400-1500

FAMINE, people induced

farming/agriculture

Yuan Dynasty

a new beginning in Chinese history; ruling of Mongols

Khubilai Khan

grandson of Chinggis Khan & China's Mongol ruler

Khutulun

Mongol wretler Princess; a descendant of the Chinggis family tree, the only daughter

Denied someone's hand in marriage; very strong

Kipchak Khanate/Golden Horde

the era of Mongol Rule in Russia

Kipchak Khanate: Mongol reference

Golden Horde: Russian reference

1237-1400s CE

mexica

mandate of heaven

divine authority in Zhou Dynasty China

-a lasting continuity that was taken control in 1122 BCE and stayed in congrol for more than 2000 years

Tenochtitlan

Pochteca

Chinampas

Quechua

Inca Roads

Gender Parallelism

Hegemony

The ability of an individual/group to exert power over another entity

Agency

One person's ability to rule/influence the world around them