Human Biology Exam

A hypothesis must be ____ and _____.

 

testable; falsifiable

In a clinical trial with 400 subjects, the most reliable results would be obtained if _____ subjects were in the experimental group and _____ in the control.

200;200

Which group does not receive an experimental intervention in a controlled experiment?

Control

What is the 1^st “step” in the scientific process?

Observation

Which of the following is the best description of a control for an experiment?

 

the control group is matched with the experimental group except for a single variable

The work of Erwin Chargaff

 

determined that the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine in DNA

If two individuals were heterozygous for freckles, which is a dominant trait, what percentage of their progeny would have freckles?

75%

The function of a protein does NOT depend on

 

its gene’s regulatory sequence.

A person with a dominant genetic disease has a ______________ genotype.

 

homozygous dominant or heterozygous

Which describes a genotype that is heterozygous for a single trait?

Aa

What evidence did Erwin Chargaff generate that Watson and Crick used in determining the double helix structure of DNA?

 

The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of thymine and the amount of guanine is always equal to the amount of cytosine.

Transcription builds ____, whereas translation builds _____.

 

RNA; proteins

A fertilized egg is known as a(n)_______ and has _______ chromosomes.

 

Zygote; 46

Which part of a gene determines the shape of the encoded protein?

 

The coding sequence

In a diploid organism:

 

two copies of every gene are present—one inherited from the mother and the other from the father.

If a genotype has two of the same allele it is

homozygous

What is “read” by ribosomes during translation?

mRNA codons

How credible is bite mark analysis?

 

Not very, far less than DNA profiling

What two types of molecules make up chromosomes?

 

DNA and protein

Which of the following is NOT a base pair in DNA?

 

A-C

How many of the CODIS STRs need to match between a suspect and crime scene DNA evidence in order to be sure that the suspect left the evidence?

 

100% (all 13)

What must happen in order for CRISPR to be used to treat human genetic disorders?

 

Clinical trials must be conducted to show that it can be used safely and effectively

What does PCR do?

 

Makes many copies of (amplifies) specific DNA sequences

What is the first step in DNA profiling?

 

Isolating DNA

DNA profiling is used to identify:

 

a person.

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that

 

makes copies of DNA

In the late 1800’s, the supporters of positive eugenics

 

believed that people with “good” genes should be encouraged to have children

The father of the eugenics movement was

 

Francis Galton