Medications to Treat Infections

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, antiprotozoals, and antimycobacterial medications, their indications, important monitoring points, and side effects.

What are the indications for Penicillins, such as Amoxicillin and Penicillin G?

Treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes.

What should be monitored when a patient is prescribed Penicillins?

Monitor for allergic reactions (e.g., rash, anaphylaxis) and renal function in patients with renal impairment.

What infections are Cephalosporins used to treat?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for treating infections such as pneumonia, skin infections, and UTIs.

What is a significant side effect of Macrolides, such as Azithromycin?

QT prolongation risk, especially in patients with heart issues.

What are the contraindications for taking Fluoroquinolones?

Avoid taking with antacids, iron supplements, or multivitamins as they may interfere with absorption.

What infections do Tetracyclines, like Doxycycline, typically treat?

Acne, respiratory infections, Lyme disease, and some STIs.

What important instruction should be given when administering Aminoglycosides?

Monitor renal function for nephrotoxicity and hearing for ototoxicity; peak and trough levels may be monitored to avoid toxicity.

What are the indications for Acyclovir?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

What should be monitored during Acyclovir treatment?

Monitor renal function due to potential nephrotoxicity.

What is the role of Oseltamivir in treatment?

Used for Influenza A and B, should be started within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.

What side effects are common with Antiretrovirals for HIV?

Nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue; adherence is crucial to prevent drug resistance.

What is the indication for Remdesivir?

COVID-19 treatment in hospitalized patients with severe disease.

What monitoring is necessary for Fluconazole?

Monitor liver enzymes due to the risk of hepatotoxicity.

What are common side effects of Amphotericin B?

Infusion-related reactions like fever, chills, and hypotension, along with potential nephrotoxicity.

For what conditions is Metronidazole used?

Giardia, Trichomonas, and C. difficile infections.

What important guidance should be given to patients taking Chloroquine?

Monitor vision changes due to the risk of retinal damage with prolonged use.

What is a notable side effect of Isoniazid (INH) when used for tuberculosis?

Peripheral neuropathy; Vitamin B6 may be given to prevent this.

What harmless side effect can occur with Rifampin?

Orange-red discoloration of body fluids (urine, sweat, saliva).