Part 2 history midterm

What was the significance of Robert Fulton?

His work in designing steamboats made upstream commerce possible

The Erie Canal:

Was far longer than any other canal in the United States at that time

An advantage of water transportation over road transportation was that:

Canal boats could haul much larger loads than wagons on roads

The Erie Canal gave which city primacy over competing ports in accessing trade with the Northwest?

New York

What was the biggest motivating factor in moving westward in the 1820s and 1830s?

Land was cheaper

The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was:

Textiles

Which problem with cotton did Eli Whitney solve by inventing the cotton gin?

Removing seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor intensive

What is the significance of Eli Whitney's cotton gin?

The internal slave trade within the United States grew dramatically

What was the most important export from the United States by the mid-nineteenth century?

Cotton

Women who worked at the Lowell mills:

Lived in closely supervised boardinghouses

The majority of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860 were from

Germany and Ireland

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:

New York could not grant a monopoly on steamboat navigation between New York and New Jersey.

Who were the two most prominent members of the transcendentalist movement?

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

According to nineteenth

century American society, who would be a good representative of the "cult of domesticity"?

Andrew Jackson's inauguration was:

A large, rowdy event.

In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:

The Second Bank of the United States was constitutional

The term "Era of Good Feelings" refers to the period of American History when:

There seemed to be political harmony during the Monroe administration

Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820:

The remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones

What significant issue did the Missouri Compromise aim to resolve?

Extension of slavery

The Independence movements in Latin America between 1810/1822

Paralleled in some ways the independence movement that created the United States

The Monroe Doctrine:

Declared the Americas off

In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular of electoral votes (requiring the House of Representatives to select a president)

Andrew Jackson

Henry Clay was charged with orchestrating a "corrupt bargain" during the 1824 election so that he could become:

Secretary of State

Which president's vision for America most resembled Alexander Hamilton's plans?

John Quincy Adams

Which occurred during the election of 1828?

Adam's supporters questioned the morality of Andrew Jackson's wife because they saw her as a bigamist

The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called:

Spoils system

The Force Act of 1833:

Gave the president authority to use military personnel to collect tariffs

Jackson adhered to what philosophy during the nullification crisis?

The national government was supreme

The nullification crisis ended:

With a compromise tarriff

Which Indian nation fought a war with the U.S. army from 1835 to 1842 to resist removal to the West?

Seminole

What triggered the Panic of 1837?

Jackson's war on the national bank

What was President Martin Van Buren's new solution to the problem of what to do about the federal government's relationship to banking?

He proposed that federal funds be controlled by government officials rather than by bankers

What was true of the South and slavery in nineteenth-century America?

The Old South had developed into the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known.

In the nineteenth century, which product was the world's major crop produced by slave labor?

Cotton

Why could someone argue that the North was complicit in the expansion of slavery?

Northern factory demand for cotton steadily increased

From 1800 to 1860, which of the following occurred to the South and its economy?

Because the South was a slave society, most immigrants stayed away.

In 1860, what percentage of southern white families were in the slaveowning class?

55

Free blacks in the South were allowed to:

own property

Gender roles under slavery:

differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of powerlessness

Slave religion:

combined African traditions and Christian beliefs

A slave from which state had the best chance of escaping to freedom permanently?

Tennessee

Harriet Tubman:

was a fugitive slave who risked her life many times to bring others out of slavery.

What was the Underground Railroad?

it used a single, centralized system with tunnels for slaves

The slave rebellion aboard the Amistad:

led to a Supreme Court decision freeing the slaves.

Which statement about Nat Turner's Rebellion is true?

Many southern whites were in a panic after the rebellion

Overall, how did utopian societies and worldly communities perceive women?

Women needed to be treated as equals

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War:

set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis

Which statement about the Shakers is true?

They believed that women were spiritually equal to men

Members of which of the following groups were generally opposed to the temperance movement?

Catholics

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?

that they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society

Common schools:

existed in every northern state by the time of the Civil War

The colonization of freed slaves to Africa:

prompted the adamant opposition of most free African- Americans

Which book was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson?

Uncle Tom's Cabin

The gag rule:

prevented Congress from hearing antislavery petitions

The death of Elijah Lovejoy in 1837:

convinced many northerners that slavery was incompatible with white Americans' liberties.

Dorothea Dix devoted much time to the crusade for the:

construction of humane mental hospitals for the insane

Angelina and Sarah Grimké:

critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after:

Declaration of Independence

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments:

condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women

How did Margaret Fuller demonstrate that women could be leaders?

She edited the New York Tribune

The organized abolitionists movement split into two wings in 1840, largely over:

A dispute concerning the porper role of women in antislavery work

The ________ was established in hopes of making abolitionism a political movement.

Liberty Party

What was the greatest accomplishment of the abolitionists by 1840.

Making slavery a prominent topic of conversation

American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s:

led to Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officals

President Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because:

the presence of slaves there would reignite the issue of slavery, and they preferred to avoid it

Who questioned President Polk's right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed

Abraham Lincoln

Who wrote the On Civil Disobedience as a response to the U.S war with Mexico

Henry David Thoreau

What happened under the constitution of independent Texas

People of color had had more freedoms and rights when Mexico previously controlled Texas

Why was the extension of slavery significant politically

Both the North and South wanted to control the Senate

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850:

gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement

What was ironic about the Fugitive Slave Act

The South promoted states' rights, but with this law agreed to strong federal action

The Dred Scott decision of the U.S Supreme Court:

declared Congress could not ban slavery for territories

On matters related to citizenship the U.S Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that:

only white persons could be U.S. citizens

During his debate with Abraham Lincoln in Freepoint, Illinois, Stephen Douglas:

Insisted that popular sovereignty was compatible with the Dred Scott decison

Who was responsible for the 1856 Pottawatomie Creek Massacre in Kansas and led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in 1859

John Brown

What distinguished John Brown from other abolitionists such as William LLoyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass

Brown emphasized violence in freeing slaves

In 1860, which state became the first to pass ordinance of secession and declare itself separated from the Union

South Carolina

The American Civil War began in April 1861, when:

Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter

Monitor and Merrimac were:

ironclad ships

At the first Battle of Bull Run:

spectators from the city came with picnic baskets to watch

At Antietam

the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history

Lincoln was hesitant to support abolition early in the war because he:

feared losing the support of the slaveholding border states within the Union

The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863:

did not apply to the border slave states that had not seceded

With regard to civil liberties during the Civil War, President Lincoln:

suspended the writ of habeas corpus

What was the spark for a deadly riot in New York in 1863

A military draft

By analyzing the New York City draft riots, what can be determined about the Civil War

The Civil War was a rich man's war and a poor man's fight

General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to:

demoralize the South's civilian population

The Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished slavery throughout the United States

Lincoln's second inaugural address:

described the Civil War as divine punishment

Besides ending slavery, the Civil War had result

Northern capitalists and industrialists came to dominate on the national scne, taking power away from the former southern slaveholder

How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family

The black family became more like the typical white family, with men as the breadwinners and women as the homemakers

For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant:

land ownership

What did Andrew Jackson do with the land of plantation owners seized during the Civil War

He returned it to the original owners

What was ironic about the election of Andrew Johnson

A man from a state that had seceded was now president

Why specifically did Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan fail

Prominent ex-Confederates and pre-civil war elite came into power

The Fourteenth Amendment

marked the most important change in the U.S. Constitution since the Bill of Rights.

In what way was Reconstruction policy a success

It established an amendment promising equal protection for all

The Fifteenth Amendment

sought to guarantee that one could not be denied suffrage rights based on race

Despite the Fourteenth Amendment, which group was still being denied United States citizenship

Asians

If a man from Maine came to live in the South as a teacher, what would he most likely be labeled as

Carpetbagger