chap 14- oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder

What are the causes of Conduct Disorder?:

many are genetic and biological factors. Other factors are drug abuse, poverty, traumatic events, and exposure to violent peers or community violence. Troubled parent-child relationships, inadequate parenting, family conflict, marital conflict, or family hostility. Or when the childerns parents have poor empathy skills, are antisocial, display excessive anger, or have substance use, mood, or schizophrenic disorders.

How do clinicians treat Conduct Disorder?:

given the importance of family factors in this disorder, many therapists use a combo of fam and cognitive behavioral interventions, collectively known as parent management training

parent management training

to help improve fam functioning and teach parents how to stop rewarding unwanted behaviors and consistently reward proper behaviors.

different types of parent management training:

-        Parent-child interaction therapy:  therapists teach parents to work with their child positively, set appropriate limits, act consistently, be fair and structured in their discipline, and establish appropriate expectations regarding the child.

-        iPCIT (internet-delivered parent-child interactions therapy): parents use webcams and stream home family interactions as they’re occurring, to a therapist located elsewhere, while the therapist coaches the parent through an earpiece

-        family therapy:  the entire family identifies problematic behaviors and participates in colllabrative problem-solving

-        multisystemic therapy: works to increase the amount of time children spend with positive children and role models

child-focused treatments for conduct disorder:

-        problem-solving skills training: therapists combine modeling, practice, role-playing, and systematic rewards to teach children constructive thinking and positive social behaviors

-        coping power program: children participate in group sessions that teach them to manage their anger more effextively, view situations in perspective, solve problems, become aware of their emotions, build social skills, set goals, and handle peer pressure.

-        Stimulant drugs: drug therapy, helps reduce child’s aggressive behaviors at home and school, particurarly if the child’s symptoms further include impulsivity and overactivity

When are conduct disorder treatments most effective?

When used on children younger than 13, since aggressive behavior becomes more locked in with age

Oppositional defiant disorder:

children who are repeatedly argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, and perhaps vindictive. They may argue repeatedly w adults, ignore adults rules and requests, deliberately annoy others, and feel much anger and resentment.

Maltreated children with what gene are more likely to go on to develop conduct disorder?

MAOA (the human warrior gene)

Kinds of conduct disorder:

-        Overt-destructive pattern: individuals display openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors

-        Overt-nondestructive pattern: openly offensive but nonconfrontational behaviors such as lying

-        Covert-destructive pattern: secretive destructive behaviors such as violating other people’s property, breaking and entering, and setting fires

-        Covert-nondestructive pattern: individuals secretly commit nonaggressive behaviors, such as being truant from school

-        Relational aggressive: individual is socially isolated and primarily performs social misdeeds such as slandering others, spreading rumers, and manipulating friendships

Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

a group of disabilities (included ADHD, autism, and intellectual disability) in the functioning of the brain that emerge at birth or during very early childhood and affect one’s behavior, memory, concentration, or ability to learn.