Phylum Memorization Invertebrates Diagram | Quizlet

Ectotherm

outer embryonic germ layer

Endotherm

inner embryonic germ layer

Mesoderm

middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems

Coelom

fluid-filled body cavity lined with mesoderm

Protostomes

blastopore becomes mouth

Deuterostomes

blastopore becomes anus

Phylum Porifera Characteristics

no true tissues, no symmetry, acoelomate, pore-bearing, sessile as adults

Describe what sponge reaggregation might tell us about the evolution of the first animals 600 mya...

Animals had cells that used extracellular proteins to glue their cells together cells could join together to reform multicellular organisms after being broken apart.

Choanocytes

cells with flagella that line the insides of sponges, causing current of water that flows through sponges to be able to eat.

Spicules

small, spike shaped particles that make up the skeleton of some sponges

Spongin

Flexible material that make up the skeleton of some sponges.

Porifera examples

sponges

Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics

ectotherm and endotherm, radial symmetry, acoelomate, tentacles with nematocysts

Cnidocytes

cells containing nematocysts

nematocysts

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators

Hydra

How do hydra capture prey?

- paralyzing/ killing organism using nematocyst

- prey brought to the mouth by tentacle

Cnidaria examples

Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral

Polyp form

sessile, tubular body with mouth at top surrounded with tentacles (corals and sea anemones)

Medusa form

floating or free-swimming, umbrella shaped body, mouth on concave side, tentacle extend from rim (jellyfish)

Phylum Platyhelminthes Characteristics

have all 3 tissue layers, bilateral symmetry, acoelomate, protostomes, cephalization, flat worms

Planaria

Platyhelminthes

What is an advantage to the cephalization exhibited in planaria?

Better sensory perception and coordination

How to planaria feed?

The pharynx extends from their body, which takes up food from the environment.

tapeworm

Platyhelminthes

Which of the two Platyhelminthes examples is a parasite?

tapeworms

Phylum Mollusca Characteristics

3 tissue layers, bilateral symmetry, coelomate, protostomes, mantle and muscular foot

Mantle

body is covered in part by a thin flesh layer

Muscular Foot

muscle tissue specialized for movement

Radula (sometimes called a beak)

An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths

Mollusca Examples

snails, slugs, clams, squids, and octopi

Phylum Annelida Characteristics

3 tissue layers, bilateral symmetry, coelomate, protostomes, and segmented

Paired Setae

characteristic of Annelids, bristles that serve as anchoring points for movement

Annelids have ___ and ___ muscles.

longitudinal, circular

How do annelids make use of their coelom for body support and movement?

Their coelom serves as a hydrostatic skeleton that muscles can pull against

Annelida Examples

earthworms, leeches

Phylum Nematoda Characteristics

3 tissue layers, bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, protostomes, round-bodied worms with tapered ends

C. elegans (most commonly used nemotode speciman)

Ascaris

roundworm parasite

Pseudocoelomate

An animal whose body cavity is not completely lined by mesoderm

Why do nematodes move differently than annelids?

they only have longitudinal muscles, so they move in an S-shape

Nematoda examples

roundworms, hookworms

Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics

3 tissue layers, bilateral symmetry, coelomate, protostomes, jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton

exoskeleton

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection

Jointed appendages

Arms, legs and antennae that have joints

How many legs do spiders and scorpions have?

8

How many legs do insects have?

6

How many body segments do spiders and scorpions have?

2

How many body segments do insects have?

3

Arthropoda examples

insects, crustaceans, arachnids (spiders and scorpions)

Phylum Echinodermata Characteristics

3 tissue layers, bilateral and secondary pentaradial symmetry, coelomate, deuterostome, spiny skin with exoskeleton, water vascular system, shell

Why is radial symmetry in echinoderms considered secondary?

They exhibit bilateral symmetry as larvae and exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults

Tube feet

Extensions of an echinoderm's water vascular system used for movement, respiration, and feeding

Test

the shell, or hardened covering, of some invertebrates

Echinodermata examples

sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars

TERM

vertebrates

DEFINITION

having a notochord

TERM

sponges

DEFINITION

have no true tissues