Lectures 27-36: metabolism ect

mass action ratio

measure of disance from equilibrium

standard free energy

the change in free energy when standard conditions are present

LnKeq=

deltaG/2.5

basic history of respiraton

muscle extract produces lactate, then harden and young, embden and meyerhof assemble the pathway

three stages of metabolism

large→ small, to Acetyl CoA, to CO2 and ATP

glycolysis

series of reactions from glucose to pyruvate gaining 2ATP

Galactose

breaks down lactose

E1

pyruvate dehydrogenase component decarboxylates pyruvate

E2

Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase picks acetyl off TPP and transferred to CoA

E3

Dihydropiyol dehydrogenase reoxidises

the sparker effect

organic acids catalyze the krebs cycle

the hill reaction

the primary event in photosynthesis is the light driven energy requiring e- transfer

light harvesting complex

protein bound antenna chlorophylls and auxiliary pigments

photostem 2

4 h+ releases into lumen

photostem 1

electron has low redox and is transferred and replaced

light independant reactions

the calvin cycle- CO2 is fixed into sugars

pentose phosphate pathway

sequence of reactions that turns glucose to pentoses and produces NADPH