TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) World History Competency 004 (E)

Fascism

This emerged in Italy and Germany in the interwar period characterized by extreme nationalism and state control over all aspects of life

Fascism

This developed as both Germany and Italy were faced with economic depression and in desperate need of strong leaders

Mussolini

He emphasized the Italian state over the individual and transformed the nation into a totalitarian state

Mussolini

He was responsible for establishing the worlds first fascist state

Mussolini

He emerged as a dictator in post war Italy, a nation struggling to recover from economic depression

Mussolini

His rise to power was based on his promise of economic recovery and the addition of land to the Italian empire

Mussolini

As the leader of Italy he suspended peoples civil liberties and used fear and terror to enforce his will

Rome Berlin Axis

This was signed with Germany leading Italy to join with them in WWII

Salo

After Mussolini's sound defeat in the Tunisia Campaign and the Allied Invasion of Italy he was arrested, later freed by his German allies, and set up a puppet government here

Mussolini

He tried to escape as the Allied invasion of Italy advanced. He was captured, shot, then his corpse was hung on display from meat hooks by communist partisans (Italian Resistance)

Pietro Badoglio

He succeeded Mussolini as Prime Minister after being appointed by King Victor Emmanuel III and was instrumental in bringing the conflict of WWII in Italy to an end by joining the Italians with the Allies against Germany

NSDAP

In Germany this promoted fascism with added elements of militarism and antisemitism

Nazi Party

By the early 1930s this gained significant control of the German parliament

Hitler

In 1934 He emerged as Germany's new leader

Nazi Party

They severely limited peoples civil liberties outlawing all other political parties and took control of the police force

Hitler

He rose to power in the 1920s and 1930s in Germany becoming leader of the Nazis

Beer Hall Putsch

In 1923 Hitler attempted to gain control of Germany but failed and was arrested

Mein Kampf

Hitler's book outlined his political views, antisemitic views, and became popular among Germany's Nazis.

Nazism

This had broad appeal especially with its message of restoring Germany to its greatness before WWI

1933

This was the year that Hitler was appointed chancellor after Nazis had won many seats in parliament

Totalitarian State

Germany was considered this allowing only one party, using fear and terror to silence opposition, and nationalizing business

Treaty of Versailles

This treaty that laid sanctions and reparations against Germany were systematically ignored by the build up of the army, navy and taking control of foreign lands

Nuremberg Laws

These were instituted in Germany under Hitler aimed at curbing Jewish involvement and worth in the Reich

Rhineland

This Germany territory was retaken by Hitler in 1936, the first of his aggressive moves, in clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles as Germany was banned from occupying any territory west of the Rhine

Anschluss

In March 1938 Hitler announced the unification of Austria in this event unifying Germany and Austria that had been divided following WWI with little intervention from the world stage

Munich Conference

During 1938 Hitler promised not to invade Czechoslovakia in return for the Sudetenland, portions of the newly created Czechoslovakia area where many German speaking people lived

Appeasement

The annexation of the Sudetenland was an example of this which would bolster Hitler's aggressive build up to WWII.

Poland

In 1939, Hitler invaded this country marking the start of WWII with Britain and France coming to this country's aid

Lebensraum

This term repeated by Hitler,, meaning living space, was much of the desire behind his motive to expand Germany in Europe. This was applied to cleansing the land he controlled by wiping out "inferior people".

Stalin

The man of steel became the totalitarian dictator of the Soviet Union following Lenin's death

5 Year Plan

Stalin was responsible for replacing the New Economic Policy of Russia with this that was aimed at transforming the USSR from agrarian economy to a modern industrialized nation.

5 Year Plan

This policy set high quotas in an attempt to improve Soviet agriculture and industrial output

5 Year Plan

This policy of centralized planning was adopted by other communist nations

5 Year Plan

The first phase of this focused on heavy industry and rapid industrialization in areas of coal and iron production

5 year Plan

Though quotas under this were not met, Stalin declared the first phase of this a success however the USSRs neglect of consumer goods led to a scarcity of these products

5 Year Plan

Result were mixed on the success of this but over the course of Stalin's leadership the Soviet Union was transformed into a leading industrialized nation

Collectivization

Through this policy the government took control of land (angering the peasant kulaks) and created collective farms with the goal of improving agricultural production

Collectivization

This policy resulted in a man made famine in Russia and the death of millions of kulaks

Great Purge

As a result of civil unrest and economic policies Stalin initiated this where opponents were jailed or executed

Stalin

He was the Soviet leader during WWII helping to defeat the Germans and lead during the early stages of the Cold War