Module 25 - Axial Skeleton: Skull

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to the axial skeleton, specifically focusing on bone structure, classifications, and functions.

Axial Skeleton

Consists of 80 bones located along the longitudinal axis, including the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hyoid bone, and auditory ossicles.

Appendicular Skeleton

Comprises 126 bones, consisting of the upper and lower limbs and the pelvic and pectoral girdles.

Surface Markings

Physical features on bones including ridges, projections, openings, and depressions that serve specific functions.

Ridges

Surface markings that serve as muscle attachment points, such as the spine of the scapula.

Projections

Bone surface features that provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments, including tuberosities and tubercles.

Openings

Passageways in bones, like foramina and canals, allowing vessels and nerves to pass.

Depressions

Surface markings like fossas, notches, and grooves that protect vessels and nerves.

Cranial Bones

Eight bones that form the brain case: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid.

Facial Bones

Fourteen bones that comprise the face, including maxillary, zygomatic, palatine, lacrimal, nasal, vomer, and mandible.

Mandible

The only movable bone of the skull, articulating with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa.

Hyoid Bone

A U-shaped, unpaired, floating bone located below the mandible that supports the tongue and neck muscles.

Sphenoid Bone

An L-shaped bone that contributes to the hard palate and supports the cranial floor.

Zygomatic Arch

Formed by the temporal and zygomatic processes, contributing to the structure of the face.

Nasal Cavity Components

Include the inferior nasal conchae and the vomer, which forms the inferior nasal septum.