Understanding the Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Cell Division

Process where a cell divides into daughter cells.

Mitosis

Type of cell division producing somatic cells.

Somatic Cells

Body cells that are diploid in nature.

Diploid

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Ratio important for nutrient diffusion efficiency.

Interphase

Longest phase of the cell cycle; normal function.

G1 Phase

First growth phase; proteins and organelles made.

S Phase

Synthesis phase; DNA is copied.

G2 Phase

Second growth phase; prepares for division.

Sister Chromatids

Duplicated chromosomes attached at the centromere.

Prophase

First mitosis stage; DNA condenses and becomes visible.

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate and move apart.

Telophase

Chromosomes reach cell poles; nuclear membrane reforms.

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells.

Cleavage Furrow

In animal cells, membrane pinches inward during cytokinesis.

Cell Plate

In plant cells, forms between daughter cells during cytokinesis.

Centromere

Region where sister chromatids are joined.

Centrioles

Organelles that help organize spindle fibers.

Spindle Fibers

Structures that pull apart sister chromatids.

Nuclear Membrane

Membrane that encloses the nucleus.

Equator

Imaginary line where chromosomes align during metaphase.

Cell Cycle

Series of events leading to cell division.