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What significant development occurred in nursing during the late 1800s?
Formal American nurse training programs emerged.
What was the first nursing school opened by Florence Nightingale?
Nightingale opened the first nurse training school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860.
What was the purpose of Nightingale's Notes on Nursing (1860)?
It laid the foundation of professional nursing.
What were 'Lady Nurses' and 'Lady Probationers' in the context of early nursing education?
Lady Nurses were women who could afford schooling, while Lady Probationers were training nurses who worked longer hours but could not attain higher roles.
What kind of labor did nursing students provide in hospitals during the early training days?
Nursing students provided a cheap workforce needed to run hospitals.
How many hours per week did probationers typically work in the early nursing training programs?
Probationers worked 70-90 hours a week, 7 days a week.
What was the early training requirement duration for nurses in the late 1800s?
Initially, it was 1 year, which increased to 3 years by 1880.
What was significant about the nursing school at Spelman Seminary in Atlanta, GA?
It was the first nursing school for black women only.
Who was Mary Mahoney?
She was the first African American to graduate from an American nursing school.
What impact did Nightingale's nursing school have on the perception of nursing?
It transformed people's perception of nursing, highlighting its importance as a profession.
What anesthetics were introduced during advances in surgical procedures?
Ether and chloroform were used as anesthetics in surgical procedures.
Who is known for promoting the idea of handwashing to prevent infections?
Ignaz Semmelweis conveyed the theory that germs from body fluids can cause infections and emphasized handwashing.
What practices are included in antisepsis and asepsis?
Antisepsis and asepsis involve the cleaning and sterilization of hands and instruments.
What types of diagnostic instruments were developed in the advancement of medical practice?
X-rays, stethoscopes, thermometers, among others.
Which microorganisms were identified under the microscope that led to better understanding of diseases?
Influenza and E. Coli were identified under the microscope.
Who developed the anthrax vaccine and when?
Louis Pasteur developed the anthrax vaccine in 1881.
Who founded the American Red Cross and in what year?
Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross in 1821.
What significant development in nursing began in 1860?
The beginnings of holistic nursing began in 1860.
Why were standards for cleanliness and ventilation important in nursing?
They were established to improve sickness and health outcomes.
What is crucial for a nurse to consider when caring for patients?
It is crucial to attend to the total environment of the patient.
Who was the first nurse to use statistical analysis in nursing practice?
Florence Nightingale was the first nurse to use statistical analysis to justify policy and treatment recommendations.
What significant innovation in surgical practice did William Halstead introduce in 1891?
William Halstead presented the use of rubber gloves in surgical practice.
What was a significant workforce issue in nursing during the 1800s?
There was a severe shortage of respectable women willing to enter the nursing profession.
How did Florence Nightingale contribute to nursing as a profession for women?
Nightingale helped to make nursing a respectable occupation by creating guidelines and standards.
What was Nightingale's stance on men in nursing?
Nightingale did not support the idea of men in nursing.
Why did nursing become an attractive option for women in the 1800s?
It became an option for women trying to support themselves, despite the inadequate pay for graduate nurses.
Who was nursing primarily acceptable for during the late 1800s?
Nursing was seen as acceptable primarily for white, conservative, middle-class women.
What challenges did men face in the nursing profession during the 1800s?
Opportunities for men in nursing were limited.
When did minorities in nursing start to make progress?
Minorities made little progress in nursing until 1879.
What barriers did Black women face in nursing schools during the 1800s?
Black women had difficulty gaining admission to nursing schools, negatively impacting health outcomes for Black Americans.
What was the state of nursing licensure in the United States during the late 1800s?
The practice of nursing was unregulated without any formal licensure.
What role did graduate nurses play in private duty nursing in the late 1800s?
They could be referred for private duty nursing assignments, serving as home nurses for the wealthy.
What identification were women in the military required to have?
Women needed identification such as American Red Cross, Army Nurse Corps, Reconstruction Aide, Navy Nurse Corps, or civilian nurse volunteers.
How could nurses travel during military service?
Nurses could travel with their military ID to work in various locations worldwide.
Who organized nursing efforts for the North during the Civil War?
Dorothea Dix organized nursing efforts for the North.
How did Harriet Tubman contribute to nursing during the Civil War?
She utilized her knowledge of herbal medicine to help heal wounded soldiers.
What was 'buddy care' during the Civil War?
Care provided by fellow infantry soldiers to each other.
What were the conditions of military hospitals during the Civil War?
Military hospitals were often disorganized and undersupplied, leading to many soldier deaths.
What was the significance of the Army Nurse Corps created during the Spanish American War?
It included nurse graduates and paved the way for future military nursing.
What challenges did soldiers face during the Spanish American War?
Many soldiers died from disease and poor sanitation rather than direct battle wounds.
What are some diseases that caused many deaths during the Spanish American War?
Typhoid and yellow fever were significant causes of death.
What was the mortality rate in British military hospitals during the Crimean War before Nightingale's intervention?
The mortality rate was as high as 60% due to poor conditions.
How did Florence Nightingale's interventions affect hospital mortality rates during the Crimean War?
Her interventions led to a decrease in the mortality rate.
What is one of Florence Nightingale's nicknames based on her work during the Crimean War?
She was known as 'the lady with the lamp'.
What characterized nursing care during the early wars of the late 1800s?
Nursing care was often similar to that of the Revolutionary War, with few paid and trained nurses.
What were the five major wars involving nursing care in the late 1800s?
Civil War, Spanish American War, War of 1812, Indian War, and Mexican War.
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