Ananya Balusu/PHS Chapter 2/Health Care Systems
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45 Terms
What events have led to changes in healthcare?
wars, pandemics, new tech, changing demographics
What are some new health related changes?
new drugs, revised treatments, emerging diseases
Why must health care workers be aware of changes?
To be competent and provide safe, ethical care
What are some current trends in healthcare?
Cost containment, home health care, technology influence, societal shifts
What is cost containment?
controlling rising healthcare costs while achieving maximum benefits for every dollar spent
When was the Affordable Care Act passed?
2010
What are the 4 parts of the Affordable Care Act?
Everyone must be insured
Everyone has to play
The government will help pay
Fairer Rules
What is the goal of the Affordable Care Act?
To get more people covered by insurance and cut down the costs of medicine
What are four technological advances that add to the cost of healthcare?
Organ transplants (heart, lung, liver, kidney)
Artificial hearts
Computers for examining internal body parts (CT scans, MRIs)
Advanced technology prolongs life but increases need for lifelong care
How does an aging population increase healthcare costs?
Increased use of pharmaceuticals, more chronic diseases, greater demand for healthcare services
What are health related lawsuits?
Expensive malpractice and Defensive medicine
What is defensive medicine?
ordering unnecessary tests to avoid lawsuits
What are the consequences of high cost?
Limiting services to those who can pay and potentially reducing access for those unable to pay.
What is a Diagnostic Related Group (DRG)
A congressional attempt to control Medicare/Medicaid costs
What are Hospital-Acquired Conditions
Diseases/illnesses/conditions you get in the hospital
What is Medicare?
medical care for the elderly
What is Fee-for-service?
payment per service rendered, go to doctor multiple times, little incentive to limit cost
What is value-based care?
bundled payments for each diagnosis/ treatment type, go to doctor multiple times for one condition
What are HMOs and PPOs?
Share services and lower cost per patient
What is the combination of services?
Agencies combine services to avoid duplication
What are outpatient services?
Receiving care without hospital admission
What is mass/bulk purchasing?
Buying large quantities at reduced cost
What are early intervention/prevention services?
Education, immunization, physical exams, screening
What is energy conservation?
To monitor and reduce energy use
What is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?
An agency with the purpose of improving quality, accessibility, and affordability to care
What is the Healthcare workers role?
maintain quality while minimizing waste
What is the Healthcare consumers role?
take responsibility, know options, prevent illness
What is home health care?
Includes nursing care
physical and occupational therapy
respiratory therapy
social services
nutritional and food services
homemaking services
What are the advantages of home health care?
Lower cost than hospital stays
Familiar environment for patient
Promotes independence and recovery
What is the definition of geriatric care?
health care for old folks
What is the goal of geratric care?
Meet physical, social, and emotional needs of older adults
What two factors contribute to the growth of geratric care?
Longer life expectancy and the “baby boom” generation aging
What are four examples of geriatric care facilities or services?
Adult day care centers, retirement communities, assisted living facilities, long-term care facilities
What is telemedicine?
It’s the use of video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical services
What are the two methods of telemedicine?
Interactive video conferencing for consultations and exams and Transmission of medical images and data to specialists
What are the benefits of telemedicine?
Increased access to care for rural or underserved areas
Decreased need for patient travel
Quicker specialist consultations
What are three applications of telemedicine?
Remote monitoring of chronic conditions
Follow-up appointments
Emergency services support
Define Wellness
State of optimum health with a balanced relationship between physical, mental, and social well-being
What are five different types of wellness?
Physical wellness
Emotional wellness
Social wellness
Mental/intellectual wellness
Spiritual wellness
What is the definition of Complementary and Alternative methods of healthcare?
Healthcare outside of regular medicine
What are six examples of CAM therapies?
acupuncture
tai chi
herbal remedies
hypnosis
acupressure
diluted natural substances
What is Pandemic preparedness?
Being prepared for a pandemic
What are two historical examples of pandemics?
1918 influenza and COVID-19 pandemic
What is biotechnology?
The use of genetic and biochemical processes to develop products and technologies in healthcare
What are the potential benefits of biotechnology?
More effective treatments
Personalized medicine tailored to genetic profile