3.2 Chromosones

Chromosones

* carry genes in linear sequence
* are the same within species

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Chromosones

Prokaryotes:

* not associated with histones
* have one circular DNA
* have plasmids

Eukaryotes:

* are associated with histones
* in nucleus
* linear shape

Homologous chromosones

* carry the same sequence of genes but not necessarily the same allele
* 1 gene of each allele on each chromosone (on gene locus)

Diploid vs Haploid

* diploid = 2 copies of every gene 2n
* one pair of homologous chromosones
* haploid = 1 copy of each gene n
* one chromosone of a pair

Karyogram

* shows the homologous pairs of species
* in decreasing length
* obtained via micrograph where stained and organised based on size, structure, band pattern and centromere position

Sex chromosone

* genes are inherited on the sex chromosone when they are sex-linked
* haploid, xx girl xy boy