Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

Flashcards for veterinary medicine review.

What characterizes the standing restraint for dogs?

Placing one arm under the dog’s neck and the other around the body.

What are the uses of standing restraint in dogs?

General exams, specimen retrieval, nail trims.

What characterizes siting restraint for dogs?

Same technique as standing restraint but dog is sitting.

What are the uses of sitting restraint in dogs?

General exams, cleaning ears, blood draw.

What characterizes lateral recumbency restraint for dogs?

Carefully placing the dog in a lying position and holding the legs on the downside.

What are the uses of lateral recumbency restraint in dogs?

X-rays, blood draw, nail trims.

What characterizes sternal recumbency restraint for dogs?

Placing the dog in a sitting position and applying light pressure to lie down on its chest.

What are the uses of sternal recumbency restraint in dogs?

Close examination, blood draw.

What characterizes dorsal recumbency restraint for dogs?

Placing the dog in lateral recumbency and carefully rolling it to its back.

What are the uses of dorsal recumbency restraint in dogs?

X-rays.

What is the purpose of a rabies pole?

Captures and restrains dogs using a noose on the end of a pole.

What characterizes the burrito hold for cats?

Wrapping the cat in a blanket/towel with only the head visible.

What are the uses of burrito hold in cats?

Exam.

What characterizes the football hold for cats?

Tucking the cat under the armpit close to the body.

What characterizes lateral recumbency restraint for cats?

Restraining back legs down with one hand and holding the head with another.

What characterizes sternal recumbency restraint for cats?

Keeping one hand on top of the hind end while the other controls the head.

What characterizes scruff and stretch restraint for cats?

Scruffing the cat with one hand and holding the hind limbs with the other, stretching the cat out.

What restraint methods are associated with the lateral saphenous vein venipuncture site?

Standing restraint, Lateral Recumbency.

What restraint method is associated with the cephalic vein venipuncture site?

Sternal Recumbency.

What restraint method is associated with the medial saphenous/femoral vein venipuncture site?

Lateral Recumbency.

What restraint methods are associated with the jugular vein venipuncture site?

Sitting Restraint, Sternal Restraint.

What is a quick release knot?

A knot that can be quickly untied.

What is a tail tie and halter used for?

Used for restraint in large animals.

What is a hog snare used for?

Used for restraining hogs.

What are the essential requirements for steam sterilization in an autoclave?

Distilled water, heat, and pressure.

What is the purpose of steam indicator strips?

Change color to indicate sterilization.

What is the purpose of Flash Cycle in sterilization?

To sterilize equipment quickly at 134 C (275 F) for 3 minutes.

What gas is used in gas sterilization?

Generic name: ethylene oxide; Brand name: ETO.

What color change is observed on gas sterilization tape?

Green with yellow lines before processing; green with red lines after processing.

What is the mechanism of sterilization by ionizing radiation?

Large numbers of x-rays scanned through packs to destroy microbes.

What gas is used in gas plasma sterilization?

40-50% hydrogen peroxide.

What liquid is used in liquid sterilization?

Glutaraldehyde (CIDEX).

What solutions are used in cold sterile trays?

Amerse, Benzail, Nolvasan.

What are the rules for passing instruments during sterile procedures?

Forceps/scissors, passed in closed position; ringed instruments, pass ring first.

What are the rules for passing instruments during sterile procedures?

Thumb forceps are passed with points/teeth pointing down; curved instruments are passed with curve into tech’s hand.

How should a scalpel blade be passed during sterile procedures?

Over-handed pass, sharp edge pointing down.

How should suture be passed?

One hand with needle driver, other hand carries excess suture.

What information should be included on the label when wrapping a pack?

Initials, contents or name of pack, and date of sterilization.

What are the steps for opening and passing a surgical pack?

Have tab pointed to you, pull tape off towards you, grasp tab, pull material away from you.

What is the first step to wrap an item using paper plastic?

Cut material extending 2-3 inches at both sides beyond the item.

What are the steps for opening and passing items in paper/plastic packaging?

Remove tape from one side, open by peeling one corner with fingertips, peel the other corner.

What are the first few steps for folding a gown?

Gown on flat surface, front facing down; pull sides back, fold into the center.

Briefly outline the steps for draping a back-up table.

Place pack on table, pull each side of drape at each end of the table, open each side without reaching over.

What are the first few steps to gown and glove the surgeon?

Pass towel to surgeon while shielding hands, open gown with outside to surgeon, shield hands, move gown forward.

How do you pass right-handed and left-handed needle holders?

Right handed: point needle facing your midline, smiley face; left handed: point needle to your lateral aspect with smiley face.

Name the microbiology lab procedures.

Gram Stain, GPCOC Tests, GPROD Tests, GNROD Tests.

Name the hematology lab procedures.

PCV/TP, Blood film / CBC.

Name the parasitology lab procedures.

Direct Smear, Flotation Technique, Centrifugation, Fecal Cytology/Smear, Urine Sediment, Fecal Sediment.

What are the steps for performing a Gram Stain?

Crystal violet = 1 minute, Gram’s iodine = 1 minute, Gram’s decolorizer = 2-3 seconds, Safranin = 1 min, Heat fix.

List the GPCOC Tests.

Catalase test, Coagulase test, CAMP test.

List the GPROD Tests.

Catalase test, H2S test, Motility test, Urease test.

List the GNROD Tests.

Oxidase test.

How long and at what speed will you spin the sample for microbiology procedures?

Spin for 6000 rpm for 5 minutes.

What type of blood and blood collection tube is associated with PCV/TP?

EDTA blood and BRCT ⅔-¾ full.

What are the three parts to a blood film?

Feathered edge, monolayer, body.

What objectives are used when examining a Direct Smear?

10x (locate) 40x (ID).

What are the steps for performing a Flotation Technique?

Pea sized feces, Fecalizer or Ovasol, Media, Add cover slip, sit for 10 minutes.

What are the steps for performing Centrifugation?

Pea sized feces, Place in dixie cup w/ ¼ flotation media, Mix, then strain w/ gauze over new cup, Pour mixture in conical tube w/ (+) meniscus, Place cover slip, Centrifuges swinging head.

What are the steps for performing Fecal Cytology/Smear?

A fleck of feces, Roll onto slide, let dry, Hat fix, Stain slide w/ Diff quick, Examine on 100x oil immersion.

What are the steps for performing Urine Sediment?

1 ml of urine, Fixed head centrifuge, 1200-1500 rpm for 3-5 minutes, Pour off supernatant, resuspended sediment, Pipette onto slide, coverslip it, View on 10x, ID on 40x.

What are the steps for performing Fecal Sediment?

1 gram of feces, Add in dixie cup filled ¼ with tap water, mix, Strain w/ gauze over new cup, Pour mixture in conical tube, no meniscus, no coverslip, Pour off supernatant, resuspended sediment, Pipette pinto slide, coverslip it.

What heavier ova are you looking for during Fecal Sediment?

Flukes, tapes, spitocera.

What are the steps for performing Blood/Direct Smear?

A drop of blood on slide, Push blood across slide, 3 parts, Stain with diff quick, View 10x feather edge.

What are you examining during Blood/Direct Smear?

Microfilaria.

What are the steps for performing Microhematocrit/Buffy Coat?

Fill crit tube ⅔ full, plug one end, View on 10x above buffy coat.

What are you testing during Microhematocrit/Buffy Coat?

Motility.

What are the steps for performing Modified Knott’s Technique?

1 cc of blood, 9 cc of 2% formalin, Mix until hemolysis, Pour off supernatant, Add 1 gtt of NMB, mix, Add 1-2 gtt onto slide, coverslip, View on 10x.

What are you testing during Modified Knott’s Technique?

Morphology

What is a Suppurative inflammation?

Neutrophil.

What can be a Mononuclear inflammation due to?

Fungal and/or foreign body.

Give some examples of Non Septic Inflammatory causes.

Trauma and/or allergic reactions.

List the Neoplastic Characteristics - Nuclear Criteria .

Anisokaryosis, Increased N:C ratio, Multinucleation, Large, multiple nucleoli, Increased and bizarre mitosis, Open, coarse chromatin, Nuclear molding.

List the Neoplastic Characteristics - Cytoplasmic criteria.

Anisocytosis, Basophilia, Vacuolization.

What cell is found in Anestrus?

Parabasal epi cell.

What cell is found in Proestrus?

Intermediate epi cell.

What cell is found in Mid-late proestrus?

Superficial intermediate epi cell.

What cell is found in Estrus?

Superficial epi cell.

List the signs of a Mast cell tumor from a Lymph Node cytology.

Red, raised alopecia masses, May not stain in diff quick, See many EOS, Granular background.

List the signs of a Melanoma from a Lymph Node cytology.

Oral/dermal neoplasia, Brown to black granules.

List the signs of a Histiocytoma from a Lymph Node cytology.

Red, raised alopecia masses, Occur in young dogs < 2 years, Uniform population of macrophages/histiocytes.

What is a Transmissible venereal Tumor?

Sexual transmitted tumor.

List the signs of a Lipoma from a Lymph Node cytology.

Fat droplets, occasional RBC.

List the Macroscopic evaluations during a U/A.

Color, Order, Transparency/clarity, Foam.

List characteristics of evaluating USG.

Evaluates renal tubular function, Unit: 1.000, Fixed USG = 1.008-1.012 (1.015).

What are the steps to reading the urine chemistry dipstick?

LOAD = TOP -> BOTTOM, READ = BOTTOM -> TOP.

List the Microscopic Evaluation evaluations.

Crystals, Stones, Casts.

What objectives are used during Microbiology?

Microscope Stained slides = condenser up Objectives = 10x, 40x, 100x oil immersion.

What objectives are used during Hematology?

Microscope Stained slides = condenser up Objectives = 10x, 40x, 100x oil immersion, Retic count = 100x oil immersion.

What objectives are used during Parasitology?

Microscope Unstained slides = condenser down Objectives Locate = 10x, ID = 40x, Fecal cytology = 100x oil immersion.

What objectives are used during Clinical Chemistry?

Microscope Unstained slides = condenser down Objectives Locate = 10x, ID = 40x.

List the dental formula for a dog.

Dog - 2[𝐼 3 3 + 𝐶 1 1 + 𝑃𝑀 4 4 + 𝑀 2 3 ] = 42 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ.

List the dental formula for a cat.

Cat - 2[𝐼 3 3 + 𝐶 1 1 + 𝑃𝑀 3 2 + 𝑀 1 1 ] = 30 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ.

List the number for right and left sides of the mouth.

Right Sides = 100 and 400 Left Sides = 200 and 300.

What are the steps when performing CPR w/ Ambu Bag?

Turn on E-tank, Set a flow rate, Connect tube to ambu bag, Connect ambu bag to patient, Administer a breath every 6 seconds.

What are the steps when performing Manual CPR?

Chest compression for 2 minutes, 100-120 beats per minute, 2 inches deep, After two minutes, view ECG and other monitoring equipment.

What is the difference when performing chest compressions on different size animals?

Hand compression is performed on small animals and large dogs in lateral chest compression.

What position should a barrel chested dog be when performing chest compressions?

Barrel chested dog should be compressed in dorsal recumbency, sternal chest compression.

What are the steps to connect a rebreather.

Attach Y tubing to in/expiratory ports, Attach reservoir bag ro reservoir bag port, Attach scavenge tubing to scavenge port, Make sure pop-off is OPEN.

What are the steps to connecting a rebreather with Unilimb (F-Tubing)?

Attach long side to inspiratory port and Attach short side to expiratory port.

What are the parts of a Non-Rebreather.

Fresh gas hose, scavenge tubing, reservoir bag, pop-off valve.