VQ 9:2 Terms

Desegregation

Policy of combining African American and white facilities, reversing earlier 'separate but equal' policies set by Jim Crow laws.

Civil Disobedience

Breaking laws that are unjust in a non-violent manner (e.g., Sit-ins).

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Civil Rights leader known for using civil disobedience.

Brown v. Board of Education

Supreme Court case declaring the 'Separate but equal' ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson unconstitutional based on the 14th Amendment.

Rosa Parks

Civil activist who refused to give up her bus seat, leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Little Rock 9

Group of African American students prevented from entering a white high school, leading to federal intervention by Eisenhower.

James Meredith

First African American student to enroll at the University of Mississippi, requiring federal troop protection.

Sit-ins/Freedom Rides/Marches

Forms of peaceful protests aimed at achieving desegregation.

Presidential Enforcement of Desegregation (50s/60s)

Presidents sent in troops to enforce desegregation efforts.

CORE/NAACP/SNCC/SCLC

Civil rights organizations advocating for equal rights through various approaches.

Malcolm X and the Black Muslims/Black Panthers

Militant groups focusing on black power.

Civil Rights Act 1964/Voting Rights Act 1965

Legislation aimed at ending discrimination against African Americans and removing racial barriers to voting.