Anthropology

Anthropology

Study of humans, ancestors and culture

4 fields of anthropology

Cultural, linguistic, physical, archaeology

Cultural Anthropology

Studies living creatures and societies

Linguistic anthropology

Studies language and its relationship to culture

Physical Anthropology

Studies human evolution and biological diversity

Archaeology

Studies past human life through material remains

What it studies

Human behaviour (past and present), culture and traditions, social relationships and human evolution

Kinship

Relationship based on blood, marriage or adoption

Ethnography

In depth study of one culture

Ethnology

Compares multiple cultures to find similarities and differences

Cultural Diffusion

Spread of cultures from one to another

Ethnocentrism

Judging other cultures by your own cultural standards

Sex

Biological

Gender

Created by culture, norms and expectations and are different in each culture

Nuclear Family

Parents and kids

Extended family

Grandparents, aunts, uncles

Matrilocal

Living near wife's family

Patrilocal

Living near husband's family

Polyandry

One woman has multiple husbands, mostly in Tibet and Nepal

Patrilineal

Tracing lineage through father's side

Matrilineal

Tracing lineage through mothers side

Bilineal

Tracing lineage on both parents sides

Sapir Whorf Hypothesis

Language shapes how we see and think about the world

Language

Deeply tied to identity and traditions

Culture

Language loss can lead to loss of culture

Material remains

Artifacts and fossils

Stratigraphy

Studying layers of earth to find date finds

Human Evolution

Studies how humans developed from earlier species

Bipedalism

Walking on two legs, key trait of hominins

Fossils

preserved remains and help trace ancestry

Louis Leakey

Found early hominin fossils in Africa

Mary Leakey

Discovered Laetoli footprints that show early bipedalism

Donald Johanson

Discovered ‘Lucy’, an Australopithecus afarensis fossil

Hominin

Human lineage after split from chimps

Hominids

Includes humans and all great apes

Primatology

Study of primates

Jane Goodall

studied chimps, tool use and social life

Dian Fossey

Studied gorillas in Rwanda, social bonds

Birute Galdikas

Studied orangutans in Borneo, canadian

Observing primates

helps understand early human behaviour, looks at social structures, parenting and tool use

Koko

a gorilla who learned over a thousand signs in ASL

Penny Patterson

Taught Koko ASL to explore primate intelligence and emotion