Thẻ ghi nhớ: VOCAB 005 CALISTA | Quizlet

recessive

a _______physical characteristic only appears in a child if it has two genes for this characteristic, one from each parent

tending to go backward

lặn, bị che bởi gen trội

Eg: Blue eyes is recessive to brown eyes.

relegate

- sb/ sth to sth: give somebody a lower or less important position, rank, etc. than before

Eg: She was then ______ to the role of assistant.

- move a sports team from playing with one group of teams to playing in a lower group

= demote >< promote

= downgrade = degrade = reduce = lower

repertory

- the type of work of a theatre company in which different plays are performed for short periods of time

Eg: an actor in ____

- (= all the plays, songs, pieces of music, etc. that a performer knows and can perform) = collection

kho tiết mục/ vốn tiết mục / tập hợp các tác phẩm

= collection = body of work = range

satiate

give somebody so much of something that they do not feel they want any more

satisfy fully

làm thoả mãn hoàn toàn

Eg: He ate until he was satiated.

= satisfy = fulfill = sate

superfluous

more than necessary

= unnecessary = excessive = redundant = needless = extraneous = surplus = overabundant

Eg: The report contains superfluous details.

surfeit

/ˈsɜːrfɪt/ (of sth) an amount that is too large = excess

Eg: Indigestion can be brought on by a ______of rich food.

= surplus = excess = overabundance = glut = plethora

teeming

present in large numbers; full of people, animals, etc. that are moving around

Eg: Families were attempting to survive on their own on the ________ streets of Manila.

= abundant = abounding = swarming = brimming = replete

trifling

small and not important

Eg: The money involved was a _____ sum.

= frivolous = unimportant = trivial

vacuous

showing no sign of intelligence or sensitive feelings

trống rỗng, rỗng tuếch

Eg: a _______ expression

= inane = vapid = hollow

inane

/ɪˈneɪn/ stupid or silly; with no meaning

Eg: I wish you'd stop making these ______ remarks!

vapid

/ˈvæpɪd/ not showing interest or intelligence = dull

Eg: The ______ conversation bored her.

viscous

/ˈvɪskəs/ (of a liquid) thick and sticky; not flowing freely

Eg: Honey is highly ______ and pours slowly.

byzantine

/ˈbɪzəntiːn/ (of an idea, a system, etc.) complicated, secret and difficult to change

Eg: The company's ____________ bureaucracy delayed every decision.

cacophonous

/kəˈkɑːfənəs/ consisting of a mixture of loud unpleasant sounds

Eg: The street outside was _________ with horns and shouting.

cursory

done quickly and without giving enough attention to details

= brief = perfunctory

Eg: He gave the report a rather __________ look.

gait

(n) a way of walking or running/ manner of walking

Eg: He walked with a rolling _______.

garish

/ˈɡerɪʃ/ very brightly coloured in an unpleasant way/ tastelessly showy

Eg: It's a little too _________ for my taste.

= gaudy = flashy = lurid = tasteless

gluttonous

/ˈɡlʌtənəs/ eating too much; typical of a person who eats too much

Eg: He was _________, finishing three plates by himself.

= greedy = voracious = ravenous = overindulgent = insatiable

lurid

- too bright in colour, in a way that is not attractive

Eg: She was wearing a _______orange and green blouse.

= garish = gaudy = flashy

- (especially of a story or piece of writing) presented in a way that is intended to shock

Eg: The podcast gave all the _______ details of the murder.

= sensational = shocking = salacious

salacious

(of stories, pictures, etc.) encouraging sexual desire or containing too much sexual detail

Eg: The papers concentrated on the more _________ aspects of the case.

= lurid = sensational = shocking

ramshackle

- (of buildings, vehicles, furniture, etc.) in a very bad condition and needing repair

= tumbledown

Eg: a ___________ house

- (of an organization or a system) badly organized or designed and not likely to last very long

= rickety

Eg: The opposition criticized the government's _________ economic policies.

redolent

- of/ with sth: making you think of the thing mentioned

Eg: an atmosphere _______ of the sea and ships

= reminiscent

- of/ with sth: smelling strongly of the thing mentioned

Eg: a kitchen _______ with the smell of baking

= having smell

shroud

- sth in sth: (of darkness, clouds, cloth, etc.) to cover or hide something

Eg: The city was __________ in mist

- hide information or keep it secret and mysterious

Eg: His family background is _________ in mystery.

= hide = obscure

stark

- unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid = bleak

Eg: The author paints a _______picture of life in a prison camp.

- very different from something in a way that is easy to see

Eg: The good weather was in _____ contrast to the storms of previous weeks.

= clear

- looking severe and without any colour or decoration

Eg: I think white would be too ________ for the bedroom.

- complete and total

Eg: The children watched in _____ terror.

= utter

= harsh

= plain

antediluvian

very old-fashioned

Eg: criticism of Britain's ___________ blasphemy law

blasphemy

/ˈblæsfəmi/ behaviour or language that is offensive or shows a lack of respect for God or religion

Eg: He was accused of ___________.

sự báng bổ, phạm thượng

dilatory

(in doing sth) not acting quickly enough; causing delay; tending to waste time

Eg: The government has been __________ in dealing with the problem of unemployment.

hasten

- _____ to do sth: say or do sth without delay

Eg: She saw his frown and ________ to explain.

- make something happen sooner or more quickly

Eg: The treatment she received may, in fact, have ______her death.

- go or move somewhere quickly = hurry

Eg: We _______ back to Rome.

---> speed up the progress of sth

oracle

/ˈɔːrəkl/ - (in ancient Greece) a place where people could go to ask the gods for advice or information about the future; the priest or priestess through whom the gods were thought to give their message

Eg: They consulted the _______ at Delphi.

- (in ancient Greece) the advice or information that the gods gave, which often had a hidden meaning

- a person or book that gives valuable advice or information

Eg: My sister's the ________ on investment matters.

= prophet

prophet

/ˈprɑːfɪt/ - (in the Christian, Jewish and Muslim religions) a person sent by God to teach the people and give them messages from God

Eg: Some believe that he was not a true ________.

- a person who claims to know what will happen in the future

- (of sth) a person who teaches or supports a new idea, theory, etc.

Eg: William Morris was one of the early _______of socialism.

prophet of doom

a person who predicts that things will go very badly

Eg: The ___________ who said television would kill off the book were wrong.

= doom merchant

regressive

- becoming or making something less advanced

Eg: The policy has been condemned as a _______ step.

- (of taxes) having less effect on the rich than on the poor

Eg: A _____________ tax structure is one in which the average tax rate falls as income level rises.

temporize

delay making a decision or giving a definite answer, in order to gain time

Eg: The manager ________ when asked about the company's future plans, hoping to buy time for negotiations.

charlatan

/ˈʃɑːrlətən/ a person who claims to have knowledge or skills that they do not really have - lang băm

Eg: He knows nothing about medicine—he's a complete _______.

= swindler

circuitous

/sərˈkjuːɪtəs/ (of a route or journey) long and not direct = roundabout

Eg: He took us on a ________ route to the hotel.

= indirect

duplicitous

/duːˈplɪsɪtəs/ dishonest in a way that is intended to make somebody believe something that is not true = deceitful

Eg: The leaked documents reveal the ________ nature of government propaganda.

= deliberately deceptive

expose (n)

/ˌekspəʊˈzeɪ/ an account of the facts of a situation, especially when these shock people or have deliberately been kept secret / a report designed to reveal the truth to the public

Eg: a damning _______ of police corruption

incredulous

not willing or not able to believe something; showing a lack of ability to believe something

Eg: 'Here?' said Kate, _________.

incredulity

/ˌɪnkrəˈduːləti/ the fact of being unable to believe something = disbelief

Eg: a look of surprise and ________

fallacious

wrong; based on a false idea

Eg: His argument is ___________ because it assumes correlation equals causation.

= deceitful = incorrect

fallacy

- a false idea that many people believe is true

Eg: It is a _________ to say that the camera never lies.

- a false way of thinking about something

Eg: He detected the ________ of her argument.

pathetic fallacy

(in art and literature) the act of describing animals and things as having human feelings

Eg: the poet's use of ___________ in showing nature mourning the death of the shepherd

indeterminate

that cannot be identified easily or exactly

Eg: She was a tall woman of _________ age.

= left doubtful = inconclusive

indeterminacy

/ˌɪndɪˈtɜːrmɪnəsi/ the fact of being hard to identify exactly

Eg: This approach recognizes the ultimate _______ of meaning.

inscrutable

(especially of a person's expression) impossible to understand or interpret

Eg: Unfortunately, this language is largely ___________ to non-specialists.

inscrutability

the fact of being impossible to understand or interpret, for example because somebody does not show any emotion so you don't know what they are thinking or feeling

ostensible

seeming or stated to be real or true, when this is perhaps not the case = apparent

Eg: The ______________ reason for his absence was illness.

pretext

/ˈpriːtekst/ a false reason that you give for doing something, usually something bad, in order to hide the real reason; an excuse

Eg: He left the party early on the ________ of having work to do.

prevaricator

liar

Eg: The witness was labeled a ________ for giving vague answers.

prevarication

the act of not giving a direct answer to a question in order to hide the truth

Eg: The report was full of lies and __________.

rectitude

/ˈrektɪtuːd/ the quality of thinking or behaving in a correct and honest way = uprightness

Eg: Most of them led lives of selfless moral __________.

sanctimonious

giving the impression that you feel you are better and more moral than other people = self-righteous

Eg: I'm fed up with his _________ attitude.

= pretending to be religious

sanctify

- make something holy

- make something seem right or legal; to give official approval to something

Eg: Psychology had __________ the opinion that youthful rebellion was a natural stage of adolescence.

sanatorium

/ˌsænəˈtɔːriəm/ a place like a hospital where patients who have a long-term illness or who are getting better after an illness are treated

Eg: In the early twentieth century, tuberculosis ____________ were common in the US.

- viện điều dưỡng

sophistry

/ˈsɑːfɪstri/ - the use of clever arguments to persuade people that something is true when it is really false

Eg: Convincing myself that I had gained in some way from my loss was just pure ___________.

- a reason or an explanation that tries to show that something is true when it is really false

Eg: He was hostile to their hypocritical _________.

sophomore

/ˈsɑːfəmɔːr/ - a student in the second year of a course of study at a college or university

Eg: As a ____________, he started doing research with a professor.

- a high school student in the 10th grade

Eg: I met him when he was a _____________ in high school.

sophomoric

/ˌsɑːfəˈmɔːrɪk/ showing a lack of maturity (= the ability to behave in a sensible, adult manner)

Eg: His jokes were _________- and embarrassed everyone.

spurious

/ˈspjʊriəs/ - false, although seeming to be real or true

Eg: He had managed to create the entirely _______ impression that the company was thriving.

- based on false ideas or ways of thinking

Eg: a _________ argument

spurn

reject or refuse somebody/something, especially in a proud way = shun

Eg: Eve _______ Mark's invitation.

auspicious

showing signs that something is likely to be successful in the future = promising

Eg: Their first meeting was hardly _______________.

barrage

/bəˈrɑːʒ/

- the continuous firing of a large number of guns in a particular direction, especially to protect soldiers while they are attacking or moving towards the enemy

Eg: Troops unleashed a __________ of grenades.

- a large number of something, such as questions or comments, that are directed at somebody very quickly, one after the other, often in an aggressive way

Eg: a _________ of questions/criticisms/complaints

- a wall or barrier built across a river to store water, prevent a flood, etc.

Eg: They built a ______ across the bay.

belligerent

- aggressive and unfriendly = hostile

Eg: He is always very _______________ towards me.

- (of a country) fighting a war

Eg: the ______________ countries/states/nations

= aggressive = warlike

blight

have a bad effect on something, especially by causing a lot of problems

Eg: His career has been ____________ by injuries.

conflagration

/ˌkɑːnfləˈɡreɪʃn/ a very large fire that destroys a lot of land or buildings

Eg: The fire services were not adequate to deal with major ______________.

contentious

- likely to cause people to disagree

Eg: Both views are highly __________.

- liking to argue; involving a lot of arguing

Eg: a __________- meeting

= belligerent = quarrelsome

depravity

the state of being morally bad; morally bad acts = wickedness

Eg: The novel exposes the ______of those in power.

sự băng hoại đạo đức

dire

- very serious

Eg: Such action may have _______ consequences.

- very bad

Eg: The weather was absolutely ______.

= urgent = dreadful

divergent

- developing or moving in different directions; becoming less similar

Eg: The two scientists have followed ________ paths since the 1990s.

- (of opinions, views, etc.) different; no longer similar

Eg: There are ________ opinions on this issue.

>< convergent

divisive

/dɪˈvaɪsɪv/ causing people to be split into groups that disagree with or oppose each other

Eg: He believes that unemployment is socially ________.

divisiveness

/dɪˈvaɪsɪvnəs/ the fact that people are split into groups that disagree with or oppose each other

Eg: The minister disliked the __________ of rich and poor children going to different schools.

embitter

/ɪmˈbɪtər/ make somebody feel angry or disappointed about something over a long period of time

Eg: Years of caring for her ageing parents had ___________ her.

embittered

feeling angry or disappointed about something over a long period of time; showing this feeling

Eg: His _________remarks revealed deep disappointment.

encumbrance

a person or thing that prevents somebody from moving easily or from doing what they want = burden

Eg: I felt I was being an _____________ to them.

fortuitous

happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result

Eg: His success depended on a __________ combination of circumstances.

mar

damage something or make something less good or successful = blight = ruin

Eg: The game was _______ by the behaviour of rowdy fans.

nefarious