Nurse Cheung Science-Bootcamp Notes

A set of flashcards covering key concepts from Scientific Reasoning, Chemistry, Biology, and Anatomy & Physiology based on Nurse Cheung Science-Bootcamp content.

What are SMART Goals in scientific reasoning?

SMART Goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

What is an exothermic reaction?

An exothermic reaction releases energy.

What are bases in chemistry?

Bases are often compounds ending in -OH (hydroxide) or -oxide, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds involve shared electrons, while ionic bonds involve loss, gain, or donation of electrons.

What does the atomic number represent?

The atomic number represents the number of protons in an element.

How is the number of neutrons calculated in an atomic structure?

Neutrons are calculated as Mass Number - Atomic Number (Protons).

Why are noble gases generally unreactive?

Noble gases are unreactive because their outer electron shells (valence shells) are full, typically with 8 electrons.

What is the unique characteristic of nitrogen gas (N_2) in terms of bonding?

Nitrogen gas (N_2) forms covalent bonds by sharing three pairs of electrons (triple bond).

What is a catalyst?

A catalyst lowers the activation energy and speeds up a reaction without being consumed.

What does OIL RIG stand for in redox reactions?

OIL stands for Oxidation Is Loss of electrons; RIG stands for Reduction Is Gain of electrons.

What does the pH scale indicate about substances?

More acidic substances have a lower pH, while more basic substances have a higher pH.

What is the function of tRNA in biology?

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis (translation).

What role does mitochondria play in a cell?

Mitochondria are the site of ATP generation through cellular respiration.

What is the outcome of meiosis?

Meiosis results in 4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (haploid).

What is the main function of the respiratory system's diaphragm?

When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens, causing lungs to expand for inhalation; when relaxed, it curves up for exhalation.

What hormones are important for reproductive functions?

Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production; FSH and LH are essential for gamete formation and trigger ovulation.