AIR TEST REVIEW

Flashcards to review for government AIR state test

Negotiation

is the process through which two or more parties reach an agreement on the terms of a particular matter, often through dialogue and compromise.

Consensus Building

is a collaborative process in which multiple parties work together to arrive at a mutually acceptable agreement or solution, often involving open communication and negotiation.

Persuasion

is the act of convincing someone to believe or do something through reasoning, arguments, or emotional appeal, often used in negotiation and consensus building.

Compromise

is an agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions, facilitating a resolution that satisfies all parties to some extent.

Expansionary Policies

are economic strategies aimed at stimulating growth by increasing government spending, lowering taxes, or using monetary policy to boost demand.

Contractionary policies

are measures implemented to reduce government spending, increase taxes, or tighten monetary policy in order to curb inflation and slow down economic growth.

Fiscal policy

is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy, aimed at managing economic fluctuations and achieving specific economic objectives.

Monetary Policy

is the process by which a central bank manages the money supply and interest rates to influence economic activity, aiming to achieve macroeconomic goals such as stable prices and low unemployment.

Progressive Tax

is a tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount rises, ensuring that higher-income individuals pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes.

Regressive Tax

is a tax system where the tax rate decreases as the taxable amount increases, placing a higher burden on lower-income individuals.

Flat Tax

is a tax system with a constant rate applied to all income levels, meaning everyone pays the same percentage regardless of their income.

Inflation

is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power.

The Federal Reserve

is the central banking system of the United States, responsible for implementing monetary policy and regulating financial institutions.

US securities

AN IOU- financial instruments issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury to finance government spending, including Treasury bills, notes, and bonds, which are considered low-risk investments. “BUY TO GROW SELL TO SLOW”

Discount Rate

is the interest rate charged by the Federal Reserve to banks for short-term loans, influencing overall lending rates and liquidity in the economy.

Reserve Requirement

is the minimum amount of reserves that banks must hold against deposits, influencing their ability to create loans and maintain liquidity.

Executive Orders

are directives issued by the President of the United States to manage the operations of the federal government and have the force of law.

Line-item Veto

is the power of a president or governor to reject individual provisions of a bill while signing the rest into law, allowing for selective approval of legislation.

Chief of state/chief of citizen role

refers to the role of the president as the symbolic leader of the country and representative of the citizens, embodying the nation's identity and values.

Primary elections

are preliminary elections in which voters select candidates to represent each party in the general election.

1st Amendment

protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

2nd amendment

protects the right to keep and bear arms.

3rd amendment

prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.

4th Amendment

protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Amendment

protects the right to due process, prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy.

6th amendment

ensures the right to a fair trial, including the right to an attorney, impartial jury, and to confront witnesses.

7th amendment

provides for the right to a jury trial in civil cases.

8th amendment

prohibits excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

9th amendment

affirms that rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution are still protected.

10th Amendment

reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people.

11th amendment

limits the ability of individuals to sue states in federal court.

12th amendment

establishes the procedure for electing the President and Vice President, ensuring separate ballots for each.

13th Amendment

abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States.

14th Amendment

grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US and provides equal protection under the law.

15th Amendment

prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

incorporation

is the legal doctrine that applies the Bill of Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.

16th Amendment

allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states.

gridlock

refers to a situation in government where there is an inability to make progress or pass legislation due to competing interests or political divisions.