APUSH Unit 2 Terms

Election of 1800

Peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic Republicans Jefferson called it the Revolution of 1800

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Doubled US size Jefferson used loose interpretation of the Constitution to justify it

Embargo Act (1807)

Jeffersons ban on foreign trade hurt American merchants and economy

War of 1812

War with Britain over trade restrictions and impressment boosted nationalism and manufacturing

Hartford Convention (1814–15)

Federalists opposed War of 1812 led to decline of the party

Era of Good Feelings

Period of Monroes presidency with political unity but growing sectional tensions

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Upheld constitutionality of the Second Bank of the US expanded federal power

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Warned Europe not to colonize or interfere in the Americas

Corrupt Bargain (1824)

Deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay that allegedly stole the presidency from Andrew Jackson

Jacksonian Democracy

Political movement for the common man expanded suffrage to most white males

Spoils System

Practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs

Nullification Crisis (1832–33)

South Carolina threatened to secede over tariffs Jackson opposed nullification

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Law forcing Native American tribes west of the Mississippi led to Trail of Tears

Bank War (1832–36)

Jackson vetoed recharter of the Second Bank moved federal money to state pet banks

Market Revolution

Economic shift with rise of factories canals and railroads connected regions

Cotton Gin (1793)

Eli Whitneys invention that increased cotton production and demand for slavery

Erie Canal (1825)

Linked Great Lakes to New York City boosted trade and western settlement

Lowell System

Factory system employing young women in textile mills under strict supervision

American System (Henry Clay)

Plan for economic growth using tariffs a national bank and internal improvements

Panic of 1819

First major US economic depression caused by land speculation and bank failures

Panic of 1837

Economic crisis caused by Jacksons policies and collapse of state banks

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival that inspired social reform movements

Temperance Movement

Social movement to limit or ban alcohol consumption

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery leaders included William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

First womens rights convention issued Declaration of Sentiments

Transcendentalism

Intellectual movement focused on nature individualism and self reliance Emerson and Thoreau

Utopian Communities

Experimental societies like Brook Farm and Oneida aiming for social perfection

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Missouri entered as slave Maine as free 3630 line divided future free slave states

Manifest Destiny

Belief that the US was destined to expand across the continent

Adams Onis Treaty (1819)

Spain ceded Florida to the US and set boundary with Spanish territory

Texas Independence (1836)

Texas revolted from Mexico became an independent republic before annexation